Chapter 5: Diseases and Disorders of the Eye and Ear: Terms Flashcards
occurs when light that enters the eye is focused behind the retina rather than on the retina which requires refocusing by the internal lens or the use of an external corrective lens to reposition the viewed object on the retina to sharpen the image
Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
is the result of light rays entering the eye being focused in front of the retina, causing blurred vision
Myopia (Nearsightedness)
is an irregular focusing of the light rays entering the eye. caused by the corner not being spherical
Astigmatism
is the inability of the internal lens of the eye to focus on near objects due to loss of elasticity of the lens
Presbyopia
is an involuntary, rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
Nystagmus
a visual defect of misalignment, is failure of the eyes to look in the same direction at the same time, which primarily occurs because of the weakness in the nerves stimulating the muscles that control the position of the eye
Strabismus
are acute, focal inflammatory infections of the sebaceous glands of the eyelids
Hordeolum (Stye)
is a small firm, nonmotile, painless, subcutaneous nodule on the margin o body of the eyelid; occur with occlusion of the meibomian glands
Chalazion
inflammation or infection of the cornea
Keratitis
inflammation of the margins of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands
Blepharitis
the eyelid margins (more often the margin of just the lower lid) turn inward, causing the lashes to rub the conjunctiva
Entropion
the lower eyelid everts from the eyeball, and the exposed surface of the eyeball and the lining of the eyelid become dry and irritated
Ectropion
is a permanent drooping of the upper eyelid, such that it is partially or completely covers the eye
Blepharoptosis
inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the anterior portion of the eyeball and also line the eyelids
Conjunctivitis
is the painful loss of surface epithelium, or outer layer of the cornea.
Corneal Abrasion or Ulcer
inflammation of the episclera (the external surface of the sclera); inflammation of the deeper sclera, the white outermost covering of the eyeball
Episcleritis/Scleritis
is when the natural lens of the eye becomes opacified (cloudy)
Cataract
is damage to the optic nerve in the presence of elevated intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
is a progressive deterioration or breakdown of the macula of the retina
Macular Degeneration
is pathologic alteration of the retinal blood vessels and the pathologic proliferation of the retinal vessels
Diabetic Retinopathy
is an elevation (separation of the retina from the choroid)
Retinal Detachment
denotes inflammation of the uveal tract, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid
Uveitis
is abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs
Exophthalmos
may involve the globe (ocular tumors), the orbit (the bone surround the orbital cavity and the soft tissues and muscles that lie between the globe and the bone), the optic nerve, or the eyelids. neoplasms
Cancer of the Eye
is an atypical accumulation of sermon in the canal of the outer ear. ear wax that has accumulated hardens and has a tendency to prevent sound waves from reaching the tympanic membrane
Impacted Cerumen
inflammation of the external ear canal; accompanied by infection
Infective Otitis Externa
inflammation and resulting infection of the other ear canal after water has been entrapped during swimming is termed
Swimmer’s Ear
inflammation of the normally airfield middle ear with the accumulation of fluid behind the tympanic membrane
Otitis Media
abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, primarily affects the stapes, the third bone or ossicle of the middle ear, as the individual ages
Otosclerosis
chronic disease of the inner ear that affects the labyrinth
Meniere’s Disease
a vestibular system disorder. patient complain of his/her head spinning, becoming worse with movement of the head. feeling that their surroundings are moving
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
inflammation or infection of the labyrinth of the inner ear
Labyrinthitis
any type of tear or injury to the eardrum causes a breach in the integrity of the membrane
Ruptured Tympanic Membrane (Ruptured Eardrum)
is a pocket of skin cells located in the middle ear, normally shed by the eardrum, that collects into a cyst like mass or ball and becomes infected
Cholesteatoma
is inflammation of the mastoid bone, or mastoid process
mastoiditis
sound waves reach the inner ear but are not perceived because the nerve impulses are not transmitted to the brain
Sensorineural hearing loss
Tumors of the ear can occur in any party of the ear and may be benign or malignant. include skin cancers of the external ear, ceruminal gland neoplasms, acoustic facial neuromas, and gloms tumors
Cancer of the Ear