Chapter 5: Diseases and Disorders of the Eye and Ear: Terms Flashcards

1
Q

occurs when light that enters the eye is focused behind the retina rather than on the retina which requires refocusing by the internal lens or the use of an external corrective lens to reposition the viewed object on the retina to sharpen the image

A

Hyperopia (Farsightedness)

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2
Q

is the result of light rays entering the eye being focused in front of the retina, causing blurred vision

A

Myopia (Nearsightedness)

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3
Q

is an irregular focusing of the light rays entering the eye. caused by the corner not being spherical

A

Astigmatism

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4
Q

is the inability of the internal lens of the eye to focus on near objects due to loss of elasticity of the lens

A

Presbyopia

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5
Q

is an involuntary, rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

A

Nystagmus

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6
Q

a visual defect of misalignment, is failure of the eyes to look in the same direction at the same time, which primarily occurs because of the weakness in the nerves stimulating the muscles that control the position of the eye

A

Strabismus

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7
Q

are acute, focal inflammatory infections of the sebaceous glands of the eyelids

A

Hordeolum (Stye)

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8
Q

is a small firm, nonmotile, painless, subcutaneous nodule on the margin o body of the eyelid; occur with occlusion of the meibomian glands

A

Chalazion

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9
Q

inflammation or infection of the cornea

A

Keratitis

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10
Q

inflammation of the margins of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands

A

Blepharitis

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11
Q

the eyelid margins (more often the margin of just the lower lid) turn inward, causing the lashes to rub the conjunctiva

A

Entropion

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12
Q

the lower eyelid everts from the eyeball, and the exposed surface of the eyeball and the lining of the eyelid become dry and irritated

A

Ectropion

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13
Q

is a permanent drooping of the upper eyelid, such that it is partially or completely covers the eye

A

Blepharoptosis

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14
Q

inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the anterior portion of the eyeball and also line the eyelids

A

Conjunctivitis

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15
Q

is the painful loss of surface epithelium, or outer layer of the cornea.

A

Corneal Abrasion or Ulcer

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16
Q

inflammation of the episclera (the external surface of the sclera); inflammation of the deeper sclera, the white outermost covering of the eyeball

A

Episcleritis/Scleritis

17
Q

is when the natural lens of the eye becomes opacified (cloudy)

A

Cataract

18
Q

is damage to the optic nerve in the presence of elevated intraocular pressure

A

Glaucoma

19
Q

is a progressive deterioration or breakdown of the macula of the retina

A

Macular Degeneration

20
Q

is pathologic alteration of the retinal blood vessels and the pathologic proliferation of the retinal vessels

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

21
Q

is an elevation (separation of the retina from the choroid)

A

Retinal Detachment

22
Q

denotes inflammation of the uveal tract, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid

A

Uveitis

23
Q

is abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs

A

Exophthalmos

24
Q

may involve the globe (ocular tumors), the orbit (the bone surround the orbital cavity and the soft tissues and muscles that lie between the globe and the bone), the optic nerve, or the eyelids. neoplasms

A

Cancer of the Eye

25
Q

is an atypical accumulation of sermon in the canal of the outer ear. ear wax that has accumulated hardens and has a tendency to prevent sound waves from reaching the tympanic membrane

A

Impacted Cerumen

26
Q

inflammation of the external ear canal; accompanied by infection

A

Infective Otitis Externa

27
Q

inflammation and resulting infection of the other ear canal after water has been entrapped during swimming is termed

A

Swimmer’s Ear

28
Q

inflammation of the normally airfield middle ear with the accumulation of fluid behind the tympanic membrane

A

Otitis Media

29
Q

abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, primarily affects the stapes, the third bone or ossicle of the middle ear, as the individual ages

A

Otosclerosis

30
Q

chronic disease of the inner ear that affects the labyrinth

A

Meniere’s Disease

31
Q

a vestibular system disorder. patient complain of his/her head spinning, becoming worse with movement of the head. feeling that their surroundings are moving

A

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

32
Q

inflammation or infection of the labyrinth of the inner ear

A

Labyrinthitis

33
Q

any type of tear or injury to the eardrum causes a breach in the integrity of the membrane

A

Ruptured Tympanic Membrane (Ruptured Eardrum)

34
Q

is a pocket of skin cells located in the middle ear, normally shed by the eardrum, that collects into a cyst like mass or ball and becomes infected

A

Cholesteatoma

35
Q

is inflammation of the mastoid bone, or mastoid process

A

mastoiditis

36
Q

sound waves reach the inner ear but are not perceived because the nerve impulses are not transmitted to the brain

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

37
Q

Tumors of the ear can occur in any party of the ear and may be benign or malignant. include skin cancers of the external ear, ceruminal gland neoplasms, acoustic facial neuromas, and gloms tumors

A

Cancer of the Ear