Chapter 8: Diseases and Conditions of the Digestive System: Overview Flashcards
what are the main organs of the digestive system
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
chewing of food; initial carbohydrate digestion
mouth
swallowing
pharynx
transport food into the stomach; secretion of mucus
esophagus
churning of food; secretion of gastric juice; action of enzyme pepsin; initiation of protein digestion
stomach
final digestion of nutrients into end products; absorption of nutrients
small intestine
elimination of wastes
large intestines
secretion of saliva into mouth; initiation of carbohydrate digestion
salivary glands
manufacture of bile
liver
release of bile into duodenum to aid in fat digestion
gallbladder
release of pancreatic juice into duodenum to digest protein, carbohydrates, and fats
Pancreas
function of teeth is
mastication (chewing)
a decrease in saliva production results in dry mouth called
xerostomia
is a hollow continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
alimentary canal or GI tract
a coordinated, wavelike muscular motion that forces food along the alimentary canal
peristalsis
water and electrolytes are absorbed in
proximal colon
involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm in which the beginning of an inspiration is suddenly checked by closure of the glottis, resulting in the characteristic sound
Hiccup (Singultus)
term frequently used to denote vague abdominal discomfort after meals
indigestion
belching is termed
eructation
is a sensation of retrosternal warmth or burning occurring in waves and tending to rise upward toward the neck
heartburn (pyrosis)
is an unpleasant sensation of epigastrium
nausea
forcible expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth
vomiting
is acute visceral pain caused by spasm, torsion, or obstruction of a hollow organ
colic
is the presence of expensive amounts of air or gases in the stomach or intestines, leading to distention of the organs
flatulence
is abnormal frequent passage of loose stool
diarrhea
is a condition of infrequent bowel evacuation
constipation
is an inability to control defecation
fecal incontinence
is a condition of toxicity resulting from an excess of any vitamin, but especially the fat-soluble vitamins A and D
Hypervitaminosis
what are the four fat (lipid)-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
symptoms include irritability, loss of hair, anorexia, enlargement of the liver and spleen, jaundice, skin changes, and psychiatric disorders toxic to developing fetus
Vitamin A toxicity
highly toxic, especially in infants and children. cause calcification of soft tissue, poor appetite, weakness, kidney damage, excessive thirst and urination
Vitamin D toxicity
may interfere with bloodletting action of vitamin K
Vitamin E toxicity
rapid infusion causes dyspnea, flushing, cardiovascular complications, red blood cell hemolysis, jaundice, and brain damage
Vitamin K toxicity
causes nausea, diarrhea, acidification of urine
Vitamin C toxicity
may cause flushing, hyperglycemia, and liver damage
niacin (B3) toxicity
may cause photosensitivity and peripheral nerve damage
B6 toxicity
