Chapter 8: Diseases and Conditions of the Digestive System: Overview

Question 1

what are the main organs of the digestive system

Answer 1

Mouth
Pharynx 
Esophagus
Stomach 
Small Intestine 
Large Intestine

Question 2

what are the accessory organs of the digestive system

Answer 2

Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Question 3

chewing of food; initial carbohydrate digestion

Answer 3

mouth

Question 4

swallowing

Answer 4

pharynx

Question 5

transport food into the stomach; secretion of mucus

Answer 5

esophagus

Question 6

churning of food; secretion of gastric juice; action of enzyme pepsin; initiation of protein digestion

Answer 6

stomach

Question 7

final digestion of nutrients into end products; absorption of nutrients

Answer 7

small intestine

Question 8

elimination of wastes

Answer 8

large intestines

Question 9

secretion of saliva into mouth; initiation of carbohydrate digestion

Answer 9

salivary glands

Question 10

manufacture of bile

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

release of bile into duodenum to aid in fat digestion

Answer 11

gallbladder

Question 12

release of pancreatic juice into duodenum to digest protein, carbohydrates, and fats

Answer 12

Pancreas

Question 13

function of teeth is

Answer 13

mastication (chewing)

Question 14

a decrease in saliva production results in dry mouth called

Answer 14

xerostomia

Question 15

is a hollow continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

Answer 15

alimentary canal or GI tract

Question 16

a coordinated, wavelike muscular motion that forces food along the alimentary canal

Answer 16

peristalsis

Question 17

water and electrolytes are absorbed in

Answer 17

proximal colon

Question 18

involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm in which the beginning of an inspiration is suddenly checked by closure of the glottis, resulting in the characteristic sound

Answer 18

Hiccup (Singultus)

Question 19

term frequently used to denote vague abdominal discomfort after meals

Answer 19

indigestion

Question 20

belching is termed

Answer 20

eructation

Question 21

is a sensation of retrosternal warmth or burning occurring in waves and tending to rise upward toward the neck

Answer 21

heartburn (pyrosis)

Question 22

is an unpleasant sensation of epigastrium

Answer 22

nausea

Question 23

forcible expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth

Answer 23

vomiting

Question 24

is acute visceral pain caused by spasm, torsion, or obstruction of a hollow organ

Answer 24

colic

Question 25

is the presence of expensive amounts of air or gases in the stomach or intestines, leading to distention of the organs

Answer 25

flatulence

Question 26

is abnormal frequent passage of loose stool

Answer 26

diarrhea

Question 27

is a condition of infrequent bowel evacuation

Answer 27

constipation

Question 28

is an inability to control defecation

Answer 28

fecal incontinence

Question 29

is a condition of toxicity resulting from an excess of any vitamin, but especially the fat-soluble vitamins A and D

Answer 29

Hypervitaminosis

Question 30

what are the four fat (lipid)-soluble vitamins

Answer 30

A, D, E, K

Question 31

symptoms include irritability, loss of hair, anorexia, enlargement of the liver and spleen, jaundice, skin changes, and psychiatric disorders toxic to developing fetus

Answer 31

Vitamin A toxicity

Question 32

highly toxic, especially in infants and children. cause calcification of soft tissue, poor appetite, weakness, kidney damage, excessive thirst and urination

Answer 32

Vitamin D toxicity

Question 33

may interfere with bloodletting action of vitamin K

Answer 33

Vitamin E toxicity

Question 34

rapid infusion causes dyspnea, flushing, cardiovascular complications, red blood cell hemolysis, jaundice, and brain damage

Answer 34

Vitamin K toxicity

Question 35

causes nausea, diarrhea, acidification of urine

Answer 35

Vitamin C toxicity

Question 36

may cause flushing, hyperglycemia, and liver damage

Answer 36

niacin (B3) toxicity

Question 37

may cause photosensitivity and peripheral nerve damage

Answer 37

B6 toxicity