Chapter 8: Diseases and Conditions of the Digestive System: Overview Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main organs of the digestive system

A
Mouth
Pharynx 
Esophagus
Stomach 
Small Intestine 
Large Intestine
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2
Q

what are the accessory organs of the digestive system

A

Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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3
Q

chewing of food; initial carbohydrate digestion

A

mouth

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4
Q

swallowing

A

pharynx

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5
Q

transport food into the stomach; secretion of mucus

A

esophagus

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6
Q

churning of food; secretion of gastric juice; action of enzyme pepsin; initiation of protein digestion

A

stomach

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7
Q

final digestion of nutrients into end products; absorption of nutrients

A

small intestine

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8
Q

elimination of wastes

A

large intestines

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9
Q

secretion of saliva into mouth; initiation of carbohydrate digestion

A

salivary glands

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10
Q

manufacture of bile

A

liver

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11
Q

release of bile into duodenum to aid in fat digestion

A

gallbladder

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12
Q

release of pancreatic juice into duodenum to digest protein, carbohydrates, and fats

A

Pancreas

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13
Q

function of teeth is

A

mastication (chewing)

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14
Q

a decrease in saliva production results in dry mouth called

A

xerostomia

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15
Q

is a hollow continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

A

alimentary canal or GI tract

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16
Q

a coordinated, wavelike muscular motion that forces food along the alimentary canal

A

peristalsis

17
Q

water and electrolytes are absorbed in

A

proximal colon

18
Q

involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm in which the beginning of an inspiration is suddenly checked by closure of the glottis, resulting in the characteristic sound

A

Hiccup (Singultus)

19
Q

term frequently used to denote vague abdominal discomfort after meals

A

indigestion

20
Q

belching is termed

A

eructation

21
Q

is a sensation of retrosternal warmth or burning occurring in waves and tending to rise upward toward the neck

A

heartburn (pyrosis)

22
Q

is an unpleasant sensation of epigastrium

23
Q

forcible expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth

24
Q

is acute visceral pain caused by spasm, torsion, or obstruction of a hollow organ

25
is the presence of expensive amounts of air or gases in the stomach or intestines, leading to distention of the organs
flatulence
26
is abnormal frequent passage of loose stool
diarrhea
27
is a condition of infrequent bowel evacuation
constipation
28
is an inability to control defecation
fecal incontinence
29
is a condition of toxicity resulting from an excess of any vitamin, but especially the fat-soluble vitamins A and D
Hypervitaminosis
30
what are the four fat (lipid)-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
31
symptoms include irritability, loss of hair, anorexia, enlargement of the liver and spleen, jaundice, skin changes, and psychiatric disorders toxic to developing fetus
Vitamin A toxicity
32
highly toxic, especially in infants and children. cause calcification of soft tissue, poor appetite, weakness, kidney damage, excessive thirst and urination
Vitamin D toxicity
33
may interfere with bloodletting action of vitamin K
Vitamin E toxicity
34
rapid infusion causes dyspnea, flushing, cardiovascular complications, red blood cell hemolysis, jaundice, and brain damage
Vitamin K toxicity
35
causes nausea, diarrhea, acidification of urine
Vitamin C toxicity
36
may cause flushing, hyperglycemia, and liver damage
niacin (B3) toxicity
37
may cause photosensitivity and peripheral nerve damage
B6 toxicity