Chapter 4: Diseases and Conditions of the Endocrine System: Terms

Question 1

an abnormal pattern of growth and stature in children

Answer 1

gigantism

Question 2

chronic metabolic condition of adults caused by hyper secretion of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary in adulthood

Answer 2

acromegaly

Question 3

condition caused by a deficiency or absence of any of the pituitary hormones, especially those produced by the anterior pituitary lobe

Answer 3

hypopituitarism

Question 4

is the abnormal underdevelopment of the body, or hypopituitarism, occurring in children

Answer 4

Dwarfism

Question 5

is a disturbance of water metabolism resulting in extreme thirst and excessive secretion of dilute urine

Answer 5

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 6

refers to any enlargement of the thyroid gland usually evidenced by a swelling in the neck

Answer 6

Simple Goiter

Question 7

is a chronic disease of the immune system that attacks the thyroid gland

Answer 7

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (chronic thyroiditis)

Question 8

a condition of primary hyperthyroidism, occurs when the entire thyroid gland hypertrophies, resulting in a diffuse goiter and an overproduction of thyroid hormones

Answer 8

Graves’ Disease

Question 9

congenital hypothyroidism developing in infancy or early childhood

Answer 9

Cretinism

Question 10

severe acquired hypothyroidism developing in the older child or adult

Answer 10

Myxedema

Question 11

is a neoplasm of the thyroid gland

Answer 11

thyroid cancer

Question 12

is a condition caused by overactivity of one or more of the four parathyroid glands and results in the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 12

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 13

is the condition in which the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid gland is greatly reduced

Answer 13

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 14

is a condition of chronic hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex, which results in excessive circulating cortisol levels

Answer 14

Cushing’s Syndrome

Question 15

is partial or complete failure of the adrenocortical function

Answer 15

Addison’s Disease

Question 16

is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas or faulty use of insulin by the cells

Answer 16

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 17

or type 3 diabetes, is a condition of damaged ability to process carbohydrates that has its onset during pregnancy

Answer 17

Gestational Diabetes

Question 18

abnormally low glucose level in the blood

Answer 18

Hypoglycemia

Question 19

defined as the onset of puberty before the age of 9 in boys

Answer 19

Precocious Puberty in Boys

Question 20

defined as the onset of puberty before the age of 8 in girls

Answer 20

Precocious Puberty in Girls