Chapter 2: Developmental, Congenital, and Childhood Diseases and Disorders: Symptoms and Signs

Question 1

What are signs and symptoms of Preterm birth or prematurity

Answer 1

12 ounces or less at birth
few creases in palms of hands
possible undescended testicles/prominent clitoris
underdeveloped lungs

Question 2

what are signs and symptoms of Infant Respiratory Distress syndrome

Answer 2

infant becomes cyanotic
nasal flaring
blood gas exchange ineffective

Question 3

what are signs and symptoms of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Answer 3

dyspnea, tachypnea, wheezing
decreased O2 saturation
crackling sound on auscultation

Question 4

what are signs and symptoms of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Answer 4

risk if born before 28 weeks

no visible symptoms

Question 5

what are signs and symptoms of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Answer 5

feeding intolerance
abdominal distention 
blood in stool 
tender abdomen on palpation 
(symptoms or sore abdomen basically)

Question 6

What are signs and symptoms of Robinow Syndrome

Answer 6

dwarfism
butterfly vertebrae 
flat facial profile 
bulging forehead
cup shaped ears 
genital hyperplasia

Question 7

What are signs and symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Answer 7

collapse of healthy young athlete

chest pain, syncope, hypertension, palpitations, SOB (general heart problem S&S)

Question 8

What are signs and symptoms of Down Syndrome

Answer 8

heart defects
small head, flat back of skull.
slant eyes
small low set ears

Question 9

What are signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy

Answer 9

motor performance issues
difficult suckling and swallowing
muscles may be floppy or stuffy

Question 10

What are signs and symptoms of muscular dystrophy

Answer 10

lordosis or other spinal deformities
contractures
waddling gait

Question 11

What are signs and symptoms of Spina Bifida Occulta

Answer 11

asymptomatic

hemangioma over the site

Question 12

What are signs and symptoms of Meningocele

Answer 12

no nerve impairment

sac formed over defect with light transparency

Question 13

What are signs and symptoms of Myelomeningocele

Answer 13

spinal nerves present in herniation

neurological symptoms

Question 14

What are signs and symptoms of Hydrocephalus

Answer 14

fontanelles begin to bulge
sutures of skull separate
bigger head

Question 15

What are signs and symptoms of anencephaly

Answer 15

no cranial vault and little cerebral tissue

Question 16

what are signs and symptoms of Transposition of the Great Arteries

Answer 16

exhibits cyanosis and tachypnea, followed by signs of heart failure after birth

Question 17

what are signs and symptoms of Clubfoot

Answer 17

heel is draw up, lateral side of foot is convex.

obvious by looking

Question 18

what are signs and symptoms of development dysplasia of the Hip

Answer 18

asymmetric folds of the thigh of the newborn

limited abduction of the affected hip

Question 19

what are signs and symptoms of Cleft Lip and Palate

Answer 19

cleft extending though hard and soft palates in the nasal area.
nasal regurgitation

Question 20

what are signs and symptoms of cryptorchidism

Answer 20

detected at birth by physical examination.

obvious by looking

Question 21

what are signs and symptoms of Wilm’s tumors

Answer 21

mass in the kidney region

hematuria, abdomen pain, anemia, constipation

Question 22

what are signs and symptoms of phimosis

Answer 22

difficulty urination

difficulty cleaning the glans penis

Question 23

what are signs and symptoms of congenital pyloric stenosis

Answer 23

projectile vomiting after feeding

dehydration and electrolyte imbalance (due to vomiting)

Question 24

what are signs and symptoms of Hirschsprung’s Disease

Answer 24

depend on age and progression
failing to pass meconium
bile-stained or fecal vomit

Question 25

what are signs and symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 25

attacks lungs and digestive system. thick mucous that accumulates and blocks ducts in these locations

Question 26

what are signs and symptoms of phenylketonuria

Answer 26

enzyme needed to change an amino acid in the body into tyrosine is lacking. accumulates in the blood and urine and is toxic to the brain

Question 27

what are signs and symptoms of Klinefelter's syndrome e

Answer 27

abnormal testicular development reduced testosterone levels long legs, above average height, reduced muscular development

Question 28

what are signs and symptoms of Turner's syndrome

Answer 28

ovaries are immature or absent at birth short, low set ears swollen hands and feet. webbing of the neck

Question 29

what are signs and symptoms of chickenpox

Answer 29

superficial cutaneous lesions that began as red macule then progress to papules and then become vesicles

Question 30

what are signs and symptoms of diphtheria

Answer 30

sore throat, dysphagia cough, hoarseness and chills

Question 31

what are signs and symptoms of mumps

Answer 31

tenderness in the neck in front of and below the ears in the region of the parotid glands and pain on swallowing in adult males orchitis, which may lead to sterility

Question 32

what the three stages of pertussis

Answer 32

1. high contagious catarrhal stage, when the child seems to have a common cold 2. the paroxysmal stage, when the cough becomes silent, ending in a high-pitched inspiratory whoop 3. convalescent period, when the cough gradually diminishes

Question 33

what are signs and symptoms of Measles

Answer 33

cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, photophobia | a 3 to 7 day red blotchy rash

Question 34

what are signs and symptoms of Rubella

Answer 34

rose-colored slightly elevated rash that appears first on the face and head and then progresses downward on the body

Question 35

what are signs and symptoms of tetanus

Answer 35

febrile, irritable and sweats profusely stiff neck, tight jaw (lockjaw) spasm of facial muscles and difficulty swallowing

Question 36

what are signs and symptoms of SIDS

Answer 36

died under 1 year. can't be established why they died

Question 37

what are signs and symptoms of croup

Answer 37

hoarseness, fever, high-pitched cough, stridor dyspnea pale skin due to lack of oxygen

Question 38

what are signs and symptoms of epiglottis

Answer 38

sore throat, 3 to 7 years of age croupy cough, fever, respiratory distress

Question 39

what are signs and symptoms of acute tonsillitis

Answer 39

sudden onset. mild to severe sore throat, chills, fever, headache, malaise, anorexia exudate from the tonsils

Question 40

what are signs and symptoms of adenoid hyperplasia

Answer 40

otitis media conductive hearing loss mouth breather and snorer

Question 41

what are signs and symptoms of asthma

Answer 41

rapid shallow respirations inability to spread more than a few words without halting to breathe nasal flaring

Question 42

what are signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis

Answer 42

cough, nasal congestion, tachypnea, respiratory distress | breathing too fast to feed

Question 43

what are signs and symptoms of infantile colic

Answer 43

draws up the legs, clenches fists, and cries as if in pain. pass gas by mouth and rectum late afternoon and evening episodes

Question 44

what are signs and symptoms of Helminth (worm) infestation

Answer 44

hatch in intestines | migrate to perianal area and cause itching

Question 45

What are signs and symptoms of Diarrhea

Answer 45

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance. | metabolic acidosis

Question 46

what are signs and symptoms of vomiting

Answer 46

mild to projectile expulsion | distended abdomen, a fever

Question 47

what are signs and symptoms of anemia

Answer 47

pallor, weakness, fatiguability | tachycardia, cardiac enlargement, jaundice

Question 48

what are signs and symptoms of leukemia

Answer 48

anemia, susceptibility to infection | prolonged bleeding time

Question 49

what are signs and symptoms of Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Answer 49

anemia, jaundice, kernicterus, enlarged liver and spleen.

Question 50

what are signs and symptoms of Lead Poisoning

Answer 50

loss of appetite, vomiting, irritability, ataxic gait | peripheral neuritis

Question 51

what are signs and symptoms of Reye's syndrome

Answer 51

disruption in urea cycle causes swelling of brain

Question 52

what are the five stages of Reye's syndrome

Answer 52

1. lethargy, littleness, irritability 2. hyperventilation, hyperactive reflexes 3. organ changes and coma 4. deeper coma and loss of cerebral functions 5. seizures, loss of deep tendon reflexes and respiratory arrest

Question 53

what are signs and symptoms of FAS

Answer 53

exposure to too much alcohol in utero. below average weight small eye openings, thin upper lip central nervous system problems

Question 54

what are signs and symptoms of diaper rash

Answer 54

excoriation | maculopapular rash

Question 55

what are signs and symptoms of neuroblastoma

Answer 55

``` abdominal mass abdominal pain or fullness bone pain periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes) ```