Chapter 7: Diseases and Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System: Overview Flashcards
all muscles are composed of a basic cellular unit called
muscle fiber
what are the three types of muscle tissues
striated (skeletal)
non-striated (smooth)
cardiac
point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone is referred to as
the origin
point of attachment to a bone that is moved by the muscle is referred to as
the insertion
composed of 206 bones
skeletal system
blood cells are formed in a process called
hematopoiesis
bones develop through a process called
osteogenesis
cartilage tissue, which is replaced gradually by bone cells in a process called
ossification
what type of muscle are striated
skeletal
cardiac
what type of muscle is non-striated
smooth
what type of muscle is voluntary
skeletal muscle
what type of muscle is involuntary
cardiac
smooth
strong and have broad ends and large surface areas for muscle attachment
long bones
have small, irregular shapes. more cube shaped
short bones
cover soft body parts
scapula
are small and rounded and found knee joints
sesamoid bones
what is the biggest sesamoid bone
patella (kneecap)
are varied in size and shape and have no distinct shape
irregular bones
what are examples of irregular bones
vertebrae
skull bones
body structures in which bones are joined or the surface of two bones come together for the purpose of creating motion
joints or articulations
what are the three structural classifications of joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
what are the structural classification of joints
synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
what are synarthrosis joint examples
sutures in the skull
what are amphiarthrosis joint examples
pubic symphysis
vertebrae
what are diarthrosis joint examples
knee and elbow joint
degree of movement a joint has is called
range of motion (ROM)
tough, dense, fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold bones together
ligaments
ligaments overstretched and sustain partial or complete tears
sprain
ligaments torn completely loose rom their attachment to a bone
avulsion
tough strands, or cords, of dense connective tissue
tendons
is a specialized flat band of tissue located just below the skin that covers and separates underlying tissues, commonly muscle layers
fascia
inflamed or injured fascia is referred to as
Fasciitis
closed sacs or cavities of synovial fluid lined with a synovial membrane
bursae
abnormal growths, whether benign or malignant, within the muscles or bones
Musculoskeletal Tumors
fracture where the overlying skin is intact
closed or simple fracture
fracture with skin overlying the bone ends is not intact
open or compound fracture
fracture extends along the length of the bone
longitudinal fracture
fracture is at right angles to the axis of the bone
Transverse fracture
fracture extends in an oblique direction
oblique fracture
the fracture is on one side of the bone; the other side is bent
Greenstick fracture
The bone is splintered or crushed into pieces
comminuted fracture
the fracture ends of the bone are driven into each other
Impacted fracture
fracture results from weakening of the bones by disease
pathologic fracture
the bone ends remain in alignment
nondisplaced fracture
the bone ends are out of alignment
displaced fracture
the fracture results from a twisting mechanism, causing the break to wind around the bone
Spiral fracture
excessive pressure causes the bone to collapse
compression fracture
tearing away of muscle or a ligament is accompanied by tearing away of a bone fragment
Avulsion fracture
bone fragments of the skull are driven inward
depression fracture
unpleasant complication that sometimes follows an amputation, especially of a leg, and is difficult to treat. the feeling that the limb still is attached
phantom limb pain
surgical procedure used to examine the structure within a joint using a tubelike viewing instrument
arthroscopy
small tube that contains optical fibers and lenses to view a joint
arthroscope
