Chapter 7: Diseases and Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System: Terms

Question 1

chronic pain condition associated with stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons, and joints throughout the body.

Answer 1

Fibromyalgia

Question 2

is an exaggerated inward curvature of the spine. sometimes referred to as swayback or saddleback deformity

Answer 2

Lordosis

Question 3

abnormal outward curvature of the spine (convexity backward)

Answer 3

Kyphosis

Question 4

lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine. typically congenital, but some diseases can cause it

Answer 4

Scoliosis

Question 5

type of arthritis that results from the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints

Answer 5

Osteoarthritis

Question 6

infectious disease caused by the spirochete bacterium. Ticks that bite the skin spread Lyme disease by injecting the bacterium from their gut into the human body

Answer 6

Lyme Disease

Question 7

inflammation of the bursa

Answer 7

Bursitis

Question 8

serious infection of bone that requires antibiotic treatment

Answer 8

Osteomyelitis

Question 9

chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism that manifests as an acute, episodic form of arthritis; chronic deposits of uric acid forming hard nodules in tissues; and/or kidney impairment or stones

Answer 9

Gout

Question 10

chronic bone disorder that typically results in enlarged, deformed bones due to irregular breakdown and formation of bone tissue

Answer 10

Paget’s Disease (Osteitis Deformans)

Question 11

group of inherited conditions featuring abnormal connective tissue with weakness of blood vessels an excessive length of the extremities

Answer 11

Marfan’s Syndrome

Question 12

describes an abnormal growth, whether benign or malignant, in the bone

Answer 12

Bone Tumors

Question 13

include benign tumors of malignant tumors or malignant sarcomas that may arise at any site in the body

Answer 13

Muscle Tumors

Question 14

condition characterized by loss of the normal bone density

Answer 14

Osteoporosis

Question 15

disease characterized by a defective mineralization of the bone

Answer 15

Osteomalacia and Rickets

Question 16

localized area of enlargement of the inner portion of the metatarsophalangeal joint at the base of the big toe

Answer 16

Hallux Valgus (Bunion)

Question 17

is a stiff big toe that develops as a result of degeneration of the cartilage of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint

Answer 17

Hallux Rigidus

Question 18

condition of the toe in which the toe bends upward like a claw because of an abnormal flexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint; it can occur in any one of the four lesser toes

Answer 18

Hammer Toe

Question 19

Fractures, or broken bones, are caused by stress on the bone resulting from a traumatic insult to the musculoskeletal system, severe muscle spasm, or bone disease

Answer 19

Traumatic and Sports Injuries

Question 20

injured tendon, muscle, or other tissue resulting from overuse, overstitching, or excessive forcible stretching of the tissue beyond its functional capacity

Answer 20

Strain

Question 21

is an acute partial tear of a ligament

Answer 21

Sprain

Question 22

is the forcible displacement of a bone from its joint, thereby causing loss of joint function

Answer 22

Dislocations

Question 23

is a condition in which a shoulder is significantly limited in its range of motion as a result of inflammation, scarring, thickening, and shrinkage of the capsule that surrounds the normal shoulder joint.

Answer 23

Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

Question 24

are long, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bone; torn completely into two sections and thus prevents the muscle from performing its function of moving a body part

Answer 24

Severed Tendon

Question 25

painful condition involving inflammation of the periosteum , the extensor muscles in the lower leg, and the surrounding tissue

Answer 25

Shin Splints

Question 26

is an inflammatory response at the bottom of the heel bone. flat tissue (fascia) that acts like a bowstring for the arch of the foot attaches to the bottom of the heel

Answer 26

Plantar Fasciitis (Calcaneal Spur)

Question 27

is a benign, saclike swelling, or cyst, that is filled with colorless, jellylike fluid

Answer 27

ganglion

Question 28

is a semilunar cartilage found in the knee joint. is a crack or fissure that is usually a result of wear or injury

Answer 28

Torn Meniscus

Question 29

four tendons of the rotator cuff, formed by the muscles of the shoulder, partially surround the head of the humerus and stabilize it in the glenoid cavity or socket. tears in any of the rotator cuff tendons limit the function of the shoulder

Answer 29

Rotator Cuff Tears