Chapter 7: Diseases and Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System: Terms Flashcards
chronic pain condition associated with stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons, and joints throughout the body.
Fibromyalgia
is an exaggerated inward curvature of the spine. sometimes referred to as swayback or saddleback deformity
Lordosis
abnormal outward curvature of the spine (convexity backward)
Kyphosis
lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine. typically congenital, but some diseases can cause it
Scoliosis
type of arthritis that results from the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints
Osteoarthritis
infectious disease caused by the spirochete bacterium. Ticks that bite the skin spread Lyme disease by injecting the bacterium from their gut into the human body
Lyme Disease
inflammation of the bursa
Bursitis
serious infection of bone that requires antibiotic treatment
Osteomyelitis
chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism that manifests as an acute, episodic form of arthritis; chronic deposits of uric acid forming hard nodules in tissues; and/or kidney impairment or stones
Gout
chronic bone disorder that typically results in enlarged, deformed bones due to irregular breakdown and formation of bone tissue
Paget’s Disease (Osteitis Deformans)
group of inherited conditions featuring abnormal connective tissue with weakness of blood vessels an excessive length of the extremities
Marfan’s Syndrome
describes an abnormal growth, whether benign or malignant, in the bone
Bone Tumors
include benign tumors of malignant tumors or malignant sarcomas that may arise at any site in the body
Muscle Tumors
condition characterized by loss of the normal bone density
Osteoporosis
disease characterized by a defective mineralization of the bone
Osteomalacia and Rickets
localized area of enlargement of the inner portion of the metatarsophalangeal joint at the base of the big toe
Hallux Valgus (Bunion)
is a stiff big toe that develops as a result of degeneration of the cartilage of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint
Hallux Rigidus
condition of the toe in which the toe bends upward like a claw because of an abnormal flexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint; it can occur in any one of the four lesser toes
Hammer Toe
Fractures, or broken bones, are caused by stress on the bone resulting from a traumatic insult to the musculoskeletal system, severe muscle spasm, or bone disease
Traumatic and Sports Injuries
injured tendon, muscle, or other tissue resulting from overuse, overstitching, or excessive forcible stretching of the tissue beyond its functional capacity
Strain
is an acute partial tear of a ligament
Sprain
is the forcible displacement of a bone from its joint, thereby causing loss of joint function
Dislocations
is a condition in which a shoulder is significantly limited in its range of motion as a result of inflammation, scarring, thickening, and shrinkage of the capsule that surrounds the normal shoulder joint.
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
are long, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bone; torn completely into two sections and thus prevents the muscle from performing its function of moving a body part
Severed Tendon
painful condition involving inflammation of the periosteum , the extensor muscles in the lower leg, and the surrounding tissue
Shin Splints
is an inflammatory response at the bottom of the heel bone. flat tissue (fascia) that acts like a bowstring for the arch of the foot attaches to the bottom of the heel
Plantar Fasciitis (Calcaneal Spur)
is a benign, saclike swelling, or cyst, that is filled with colorless, jellylike fluid
ganglion
is a semilunar cartilage found in the knee joint. is a crack or fissure that is usually a result of wear or injury
Torn Meniscus
four tendons of the rotator cuff, formed by the muscles of the shoulder, partially surround the head of the humerus and stabilize it in the glenoid cavity or socket. tears in any of the rotator cuff tendons limit the function of the shoulder
Rotator Cuff Tears
