Chapter 3: Immunologic Diseases and Conditions: Terms

Question 1

progressive impairment of the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 1

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Question 2

is an acquired B-cell deficiency that results in decreased antibody production and/or function

Answer 2

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (Acquired Hypogammaglobulinemia)

Question 3

fail to produce normal levels of IgA. some deficiencies in IgM or IgG have been reported

Answer 3

Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency

Question 4

is a condition characterized by near absence of serum immunoglobulins and increased susceptibility to infection

Answer 4

X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia)

Question 5

group of disorders that result from disturbance in the development and function of both T cells and B cells. absence of both cell-mediated and antibody mediated immunity

Answer 5

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Question 6

congenital condition of immunodeficiency that results from defective development of the pharyngeal pouch system and presents with cardiac abnormalities, hypo plastic thymus, and hypocalcemia

Answer 6

DiGeorge’s Anomaly (Thymic Hypoplasia or Aplasia)

Question 7

refers to a group of disorders characterized by persistent and recurrent candidal (fungal) infections of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes

Answer 7

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

Question 8

congenital disorder that is characterized by inadequate B and T cell function

Answer 8

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Question 9

autoimmune condition in which the red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed by antibodies

Answer 9

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Question 10

caused by chronic atrophic gastritis resulting in decreased gastric production of HCl and a shortage of intrinsic factor; impaired B12 absorption and B12 deficiency

Answer 10

Pernicious Anemia

Question 11

acquired disorder that results form an isolated deficiency of platelets; autoantibodies against platelets

Answer 11

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)

Question 12

describe neutropenia, a decreased number of circulating neutrophils, which is usually caused by the production of antineutrophil antibodies

Answer 12

Immune Neutropenia

Question 13

autoimmune kidney disease characterized by the presence of antibodies directed against an antigen in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM)

Answer 13

Goodpasture’s Syndrome (anti-GBM antibody disease)

Question 14

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by unusual autoantibodies in the blood that targets tissues of the body

Answer 14

Systemic Lupus erythematosus

Question 15

chronic, progressive disease characterized by mostly sclerosis (hardening) of the skin; scarring of certain internal organs can occur as well

Answer 15

Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)

Question 16

autoimmune disease that features inflammation in various glands of the body; results in dryness

Answer 16

Sjorgren’s Syndrome

Question 17

chronic inflammatory, systemic disease that affects the joints. severe form of arthritis

Answer 17

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 18

form of Rheumatoid Arthritis that affects children (less than 16 years of age) and begins most commonly between the ages of 2 and 5 years old

Answer 18

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 19

systemic, usually progressive, inflammatory disease affecting primarily the spinal column

Answer 19

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 20

disease of muscle that features inflammation of the muscle fibers. affected are mostly closest to the trunk or torso

Answer 20

Polymyositis

Question 21

is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. attacks the myelin sheath, a fatty substance covering most of the nerves in the brain and spinal cord, and ultimately causes scarring (sclerosis) that debilities the nerves

Answer 21

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Question 22

chronic, progressive neuromuscular disease that is thought to stem from the presence of autoantibodies to the acetylcholine receptor

Answer 22

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 23

is the category of vasculitis that primarily affects the capillaries, arterioles, and venules; becoming necrotic when it is obstructed by a thrombus

Answer 23

small vessel vasculitis

Question 24

primarily affects medium and large arteries; becoming necrotic when it is obstructed by a thrombus

Answer 24

Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitis