Chapter 8: Diseases and Conditions of the Digestive System: Terms

Question 1

permanent teeth are missing

Answer 1

Missing Teeth

Question 2

molar is malpositioned, thereby preventing normal eruption

Answer 2

Impacted Third Molar

Question 3

considered an infection resulting in erosion of the tooth surface

Answer 3

Dental Caries (Cavities)

Question 4

teeth are discolored

Answer 4

Discolored Teeth

Question 5

inflammation and swelling of the gums

Answer 5

Gingivitis

Question 6

is a destructive gum and bone disease around one or more of the teeth

Answer 6

Periodontitis

Question 7

are neoplasms that are benign or malignant, localized or invasive

Answer 7

Oral Tumors

Question 8

specific angles of malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth

Answer 8

Malocclusion

Question 9

symptom of complex related to inflammation, disease, or dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint

Answer 9

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome

Question 10

is a pus-filled sac that develops in the tissue surrounding the base of the root

Answer 10

Tooth Abscess

Question 11

is a lesion on the mucous membrane, exposing the underlying sensitive tissue

Answer 11

Mouth Ulcers

Question 12

contagious, recurrent viral infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes.

Answer 12

Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)

Question 13

candidiasis of the oral mucosa, involving the mouth, tongue, palate, and gums

Answer 13

Thrush

Question 14

is a common infection affecting the gums and the anchoring structure of the teeth

Answer 14

Necrotizing Periodontal Disease (trench mouth)

Question 15

is hyperkeratosis or epidermal thickening of the buccal mucosa, palate, or lower lip

Answer 15

Leukoplakia

Question 16

includes squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the lips, cheek mucosa, anterior tongue, floor of the mouth, hard palate, and upper and lower gingiva

Answer 16

Oral Cancer

Question 17

refers to clinical manifestations of regurgitation of stomach and duodenal contents into the esophagus, frequently occurring at night.

Answer 17

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Question 18

dilated submucosal veins that develop in patients with underlying portal hypertension and may result in serious paper gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer 18

Esophageal Varices

Question 19

inflammation and tissue injury of the esophagus

Answer 19

Esophagitis

Question 20

occurs in the esophagus, the muscular organ that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. lined for most of its length with squamous cell epithelium, which can give rise to squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 20

Esophageal Cancer

Question 21

protective mucous membrane of the stomach or upper intestinal tract beaks down, the lining is prone to ulceration

Answer 21

Gastric and Duodenal Peptic Ulcers

Question 22

inflammation of the lining of the stomach; the acute form is a common disorder

Answer 22

Gastritis

Question 23

occurs in the stomach, the organ located in the upper abdomen that connects the esophagus and small intestine

Answer 23

Gastric Cancer

Question 24

is an inflammation of the appendix, a narrow pouch about 3.5 inches long that extends from the first part of the large intestine (cecum)

Answer 24

Acute Appendicitis

Question 25

is a defect in the diaphragm that permits a segment of the stomach to slide into the thoracic cavity

Answer 25

Hiatal Hernia

Question 26

is the condition in which an organ protrudes through an abdominal opening in the abdominal wall

Answer 26

Abdominal Hernia

Question 27

chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that affects up to 480,000 persons in the United States

Answer 27

Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis)

Question 28

chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and colon

Answer 28

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 29

general term for acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines

Answer 29

Gastroenteritis

Question 30

is mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines

Answer 30

Intestinal Obstruction

Question 31

is a progressive condition, common with age, characterized by defects in the muscular walls of the large bowel

Answer 31

Diverticulosis (Diverticular Disease)

Question 32

an infection of one or more diverticula

Answer 32

Diverticulitis

Question 33

is a cancer that arises in any part of the colon or the rectum

Answer 33

Colorectal Cancer

Question 34

is acute inflammation with plaque like adhesion of necrotic debris and mucus adhered to the damaged superficial mucosa of the small and large intestines

Answer 34

Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

Question 35

the small bowel fails to absorb nutrients because of inadequate absorptive surface

Answer 35

Short-Bowel Syndrome

Question 36

is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, and erratic dysfunction of bowel habits

Answer 36

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Question 37

inflammation of the peritoneum, can be acute or chronic and local or generalized

Answer 37

Peritonitis

Question 38

are varicose dilations of a vein in the anal canal or the anorectal area

Answer 38

Hemorrhoids

Question 39

is a chronic degenerative disease that is irreversible. brings slow deterioration of the liver, resulting in the replacement of normal liver cells with hard, fibrous scar tissue, known as hobnail liver

Answer 39

Cirrhosis of the Liver

Question 40

systemic infection causing symptoms ranging from mild inflammation of the liver to severe involvement with destruction of hepatic cells. common cause of acute hepatitis, is endemic in much of the world.

Answer 40

Viral Hepatitis

Question 41

highly contagious and causes mild acute liver infection. the only hepatitis causing spiking fevers. moves through the fecal-oral route

Answer 41

Hepatitis A

Question 42

Blood borne hepatitis. Is primarily transferred through the use of sharing needles, and sexual contact with another individual

Answer 42

Hepatitis B

Question 43

blood borne hepatitis. Is primarily transferred through a blood transfusion process. the patient is incurable

Answer 43

Hepatitis C

Question 44

hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary tumor of the liver that usually arises in the setting of chronic liver disease

Answer 44

Cancer of the Liver

Question 45

common condition in which there is an abnormal presence of calculi or gallstones that form in the bin e

Answer 45

Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)

Question 46

acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with obstruction of the cystic duct

Answer 46

Cholecystitis

Question 47

acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas with variable involvement of adjacent and remote organs

Answer 47

Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis

Question 48

neoplasm, usually an adenocarcinoma, and occurs more often in the head of the pancreas

Answer 48

Pancreatic Cancer

Question 49

disorder of nutrition caused by primary deprivation of protein-energy (send in poverty or self-imposed starvation) or secondary to deficiency diseases (such as cancer or diabetes)

Answer 49

Malnutrition

Question 50

refers to a group of disorders in which intestinal absorption of dietary nutrients is impaired

Answer 50

Malabsorption Syndrome

Question 51

is a disease of the small intestine that is characterized by malabsorption, gluten intolerance, and damage to the lining of the intestine

Answer 51

Celiac Disease (Gluten Enteropathy)

Question 52

is an illness resulting from the eating of food that contains bacterial toxins and viral, chemical, or toxic substances

Answer 52

Fod Poisoning

Question 53

an eating disorder, is linked to a psychological disturbance in which hunger is denied by self-imposed starvation, resulting from a distorted body image and a compulsion to be thin

Answer 53

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 54

behavioral disorder characterized by recurring episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting or purging, usually in secret

Answer 54

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 55

is a loss of equilibrium experienced during motion

Answer 55

Motion Sickness