Chapter 4: Diseases and Conditions of the Endocrine System: Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of Gigantism

A

anterior pituitary adenoma oversecretion of GH

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2
Q

What is the etiology of Acromegaly

A

pituitary adenoma in adults

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3
Q

What is the etiology of Hypopituitarism

A

pituitary tumor or hypothalamus tumor; damage to pituitary gland; ischemia to brain

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4
Q

What is the etiology of Dwarfism

A

cranial hemorrhage after birth; deficiency in growth-hormone-releasing hormone

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5
Q

What is the etiology of Diabetes Insipidus

A

posterior pituitary gland releases reduced amounts of ADH (Vasopressin)

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6
Q

What is the etiology of Simple Goiter

A

shortage of iodine in diet;

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7
Q

What is the etiology of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A

unknown; hereditary pattern; autoimmune factors because antibodies appear to destroy thyroid tissue

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8
Q

What is the etiology of Grave’s Disease

A

unknown; autoimmune response; antibodies stimulate the hyperactivity

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9
Q

What is the etiology of Cretinism (Congenital Hypothyroidism)

A

error in fetal development may cause thyroid gland to fail to develop or function; enzyme absence

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10
Q

What is the etiology of Myxedmea

A

ability to synthesize T4 is impaired

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11
Q

What is the etiology of Thyroid Cancer

A

genetic basis for tumor susceptibility;

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12
Q

What is the etiology of Hyperparathyroidism

A

increased activity of thyroid gland; adenoma

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Hypoparathyroidism

A

surgical destruction of parathyroid glands; possibly genetic

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14
Q

What is the etiology of Cushing’s Syndrome

A

excessive levels of circuating cortisol can be caused by hyperplasia of adrenal glands; ACTH increase from pituitary

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15
Q

What is the etiology of Addison’s Disease

A

reduction in hormones; autoimmune; secondary to hypopituitarism

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16
Q

What is the etiology of Diabetes Mellitus

A

familial but may be acquired; metabolic abnormalities;

17
Q

What is the etiology of Gestational Diabetes

A

increased destruction of insulin by the placenta

18
Q

What is the etiology of Hypoglycemia

A

insulin overdosage in diabetics

19
Q

What is the etiology of Precocious Puberty in Boys

A

Idiopathic-genitcally?; hypothalamic neoplasia cause excessive secretion of gonadotropin

20
Q

What is the etiology of Precocious Puberty in Girls

A

idiopathic;intracranial tumors, encephalopathy