Chapter 8: Diseases and Conditions of the Digestive System: Etiology

Question 1

What is the etiology of Missing Teeth

Answer 1

loss from decay; periodontal disease; congenital

Question 2

What is the etiology of Impacted Third Molars

Answer 2

not enough room to erupt

Question 3

What is the etiology of Dental Caries

Answer 3

cavity-causing bacteria in the mouht break down the sugars found in foods, this acid erodes the calcium in the tooth’s enamel

Question 4

What is the etiology of Discolored Teeth

Answer 4

age; smoking; dead tooth; coffee; drugs

Question 5

What is the etiology of Gingivitis

Answer 5

plaque; pocket to form betwen gum and teeth; vitamin deficiencies; many different conditions

Question 6

What is the etiology of Periodontitis

Answer 6

plaque biofilm and unchecked gingivitis; poor personal hygiene

Question 7

What is the etiology of Oral Tumors

Answer 7

unknown; tobacco use and other factors affect development

Question 8

What is the etiology of Malocclusion

Answer 8

inherited from parents; early loss of primary teeth; thumb sucking

Question 9

What is the etiology of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome

Answer 9

unbalanced jaw activity caused by many conditions

Question 10

What is the etiology of Tooth Abscesses

Answer 10

decayed or dying or when the tooth structure loss; receeding gums factor

Question 11

What is the etiology of Mouth Ulcers

Answer 11

mechanical trauma, viral and bacterial infections

Question 12

What is the etiology of Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)

Answer 12

herpes-simplex virus type 1

Question 13

What is the etiology of Thrush

Answer 13

fungus Candida Albicans

Question 14

What is the etiology of Necrotizing Periodontal Disease

Answer 14

anaerobic opportunistic bacteria; poor hygiene

Question 15

What is the etiology of Oral Leukoplakia

Answer 15

chronic, irritation, such as friction caused by habitual cheek biting

Question 16

What is the etiology of Oral Cancer

Answer 16

squamous cell carcinomas; sun exposure; alcohol or tobacco

Question 17

What is the etiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Answer 17

overeating, pregnancy, or weight gain; relaxation of the lower espogeal sphincter;

Question 18

What is the etiology of Esophageal Varices

Answer 18

increased pressure within the veins. venous return to liver is impeded

Question 19

What is the etiology of Esophagitis

Answer 19

reflux of stomach acid contents to lower esophageal sphincter

Question 20

What is the etiology of Esophageal Cancer

Answer 20

squamous cell carcinomas; GERD; Barrett’s Esophagus

Question 21

What is the etiology of Gastric and Duodenal Peptic Ulcers

Answer 21

breakdown of mucous membrane precipitates ulceration

Question 22

What is the etiology of Gastritis

Answer 22

inflammation associated with H. pylori

Question 23

What is the etiology of Gastric Cancer

Answer 23

H. pylori

Question 24

What is the etiology of Acute Appendicitis

Answer 24

lymphoid hyperplasia; unknown cause overall

Question 25

What is the etiology of Hiatal Hernia

Answer 25

congenital defect in the diaphragm or a weakness that develops in the diaphragm

Question 26

What is the etiology of Abdominal Hernia

Answer 26

abnormal opening develops in a weak area or a congenital area

Question 27

What is the etiology of Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis)

Answer 27

researched but unknown

Question 28

What is the etiology of Ulcerative Colitis

Answer 28

runs in family; unknown cause

Question 29

What is the etiology of Gastroenteritis

Answer 29

ingestion of disease causing bacteria

Question 30

What is the etiology of Intestinal Obstruction

Answer 30

mechanical blockage by many different things

Question 31

What is the etiology of Diverticulosis (Diverticular Disease)

Answer 31

not clear; diet possibly

Question 32

What is the etiology of Diverticulitis

Answer 32

diverticular become inflammed

Question 33

What is the etiology of Colorectal Cancer

Answer 33

genetic disorder; age is risk factor

Question 34

What is the etiology of Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis

Answer 34

use of broad-spectrum antibiotics; Clostridium difficile

Question 35

What is the etiology of Short-Bowel Syndrome

Answer 35

functioning small bowel is altered significantly by disease or surgery

Question 36

What is the etiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Answer 36

cause is unknown

Question 37

What is the etiology of Peritonitis

Answer 37

primary infection caused by blood-borne organisms originating in the GI tract

Question 38

What is the etiology of Hemorrhoids

Answer 38

veins in the rectal and anal area become varicose, swollen, and tender as a result of blockage

Question 39

What is the etiology of Cirrhosis of the Liver

Answer 39

chronic alcoholism

Question 40

What is the etiology of Hepatitis A

Answer 40

transmitted by fecal-oral route from contaminated food, water, and stool

Question 41

What is the etiology of Hepatitis B

Answer 41

percutaneous and perimucosal routes; blood, semen, vaginal secretion, saliva

Question 42

What is the etiology of Hepatitis C

Answer 42

blood and body fluids; transfusions

Question 43

What is the etiology of Cancer of the Liver

Answer 43

hepatocelular carcinoma; hepatitis B infection

Question 44

What is the etiology of Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)

Answer 44

insoluble cholesterol and bile salts; not always clear

Question 45

What is the etiology of Cholecystitis

Answer 45

result from an obstruction of the biliary duct caused by gallstones

Question 46

What is the etiology of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis

Answer 46

escape of activated pancreatic enzymes from acinar cells

Question 47

What is the etiology of Pancreatic Cancer

Answer 47

risk factors include cigarette smoking, obesity, or diabetes. no specific cause

Question 48

What is the etiology of Malnutrition

Answer 48

deficiency of protein in presence of adequate energy; not adequate food quantities

Question 49

What is the etiology of Malabsorption Syndrome

Answer 49

defective mucosal cells in the small intestine

Question 50

What is the etiology of Celiac Disease (Gluten Enteropathy)

Answer 50

toxic or immunologic reaction to a component of glutten

Question 51

What is the etiology of Food Poisoning

Answer 51

poisoning from mushrooms, shellfish, food contaminated

Question 52

What is the etiology of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 52

unknown; family and social factors may precipitate the condition

Question 53

What is the etiology of Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 53

unknown; family and social factors may precipitate the condition

Question 54

What is the etiology of Motion Sickness

Answer 54

disturbance in the sense of balance; fluid in semicircular canals