Chapter 2: Developmental, Congenital, and Childhood Diseases and Disorders: Etiology Flashcards
what is the etiology of Preterm Birth or Prematurity
incompetent cervix bicornate uterus toxic conditions infection trauma etc
what is the etiology of Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome
lungs of neonate lack surfactant needed to allow alveoli to expand
what is the etiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
occurs after IRDS in premature infants
what is the etiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity
vascularization of the retina begins at the back central part of the eye. retina develops at 28th week of pregnancy
no risk facts have been identified
what is the etiology of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
unknown; through to breakdown in normal defense of GI tract
what is the etiology of Robinow Syndrome
Genetic syndrome; inherited.
recessive form from a mutation of a specific gene that has been identified as being located in chromosome 9q22
what is the etiology of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
portion of myocardium becomes thickened without obvious cause.
inherited autosomal dominant trait
what is the etiology of Down Syndrome
extra chromosome number 21 (trisomy 21).
more often to women more than 35 years of age
what is the etiology of Cerebral Palsy
inadequate blood or oxygen supply to the brain during fetal development, during birth or early years 9 or younger
what is the etiology of Muscular Dystrophy
genetic defect. absence of dystrophin, a portion involved in maintaining the integrity of muscle
what is the etiology of Spina Bifida Occulta
unknown; associated with exposure to ionizing radiation during early uterine life. reduced levels of vitamin A and folic acid may contribute
what is the etiology of Meningocele
posterior position of the neural tube fails to close. cause not known.
what is the etiology of Myelomeningocele
neural tube fails to close during fetal development. allows meninges, spinal nerves, and spinal cord to herniate through the opening.
genetic factors, agent Orange? not really known
what is the etiology of Hydrocephalus
large amounts of CSF accumulates in the skull, causing intracranial pressure.
lesion within the system or by a congenital structural defect
what is the etiology of Anencephaly
failure of neural tube at the cephalic (cranial) end to close completely during the second or third week of prenatal development.
what is the etiology of Transposition of the Great Arteries
chromosomal abnormalities and environmental conditions. failure to shift from the fetal route at time of birth
what is the etiology of Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus)
fetal portion and other studies implicate genetic factors from germ plasma during embryonic stage
what is the etiology of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
unknown. occurs shortly after birth. possibly due to hormone relaxin
what is the etiology of Cleft Lip and Palate
failure of embryonic development of the fetus
what is the etiology of Cryptorchidism
unknown; some suspect hormones
what is the etiology of Wilms’ tumor
adenosarcoma arising from abnormal fetal kidney tissue that is left behind during early embryonic life
what is the etiology of Phimosis
unknown
what is the etiology of Congenital Pyloric Stenosis
slight hereditary tendency, but unknown. more often in males
what is the etiology of Hirschsprung’s Disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon)
abnormal innervation of the intrinsic musculature of the bowl wall. parasympathetic nerve ganglion cells are absent in a segment of the colon
