Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Diagnosis Flashcards
What is the diagnosis of Coronary Artery Diseases
ECG shows ischemia; usually occluded 75% before pain; Treadmill testing, thalium scan; angiograms; many options
What is the diagnosis of Angina Pectoris
exertional chest pain; ECG during episode shows ischemia; normal ECG doesn’t exclude condition
What is the diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
history; ECG and cardiac enzyme levels; CPK, troponin, lactic dehydrogenase; AST
What is the diagnosis of Cardiac Arrest
absence of respiratory effort and lack of palpable pulse; ECG shows asystole
What is the diagnosis of Essentail Hypertension
elevated BP; systolic greater than 140, diastolic greater than 90
What is the diagnosis of Malignant Hypertension
systolic BP greater than 200, diastolic greater than 120
What is the diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure
thorough history and physical examination; radiograph shows lung fluid; EEG, echocardiogram
What is the diagnosis of Cor Pulmonale
history of pulmonary disease and hypoxia; neck vein distention and peripheral edema apparent; right-sided heart enlargement on ECG
What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Edema
dyspnea, orthopnea, and bloody sputum; rales, rhonchi and wheezing; reduced O2 sat; decreased pH of blood
What is the diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy
complete physical exam; cardiomegaly; ECG reveals rate and rhythm irregularites; cardio cath.
What is the diagnosis of Pericarditis
blood studies lead to causative organism; elevated WBC, ESR, cardiac enzyme studies
What is the diagnosis of Myocarditis
increased ESR, cardiac enzymes; enlarged ventricle on radiograph; myocardial biopsy confirms
What is the diagnosis of Endocarditis
CBC indicate leukocytosis; echocardiogram shows valve involvement
What is the diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever
history of URI caused by B-hemolytic strep.; presence of polyarthritis and carditis
What is the diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease
history of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease before penicillin
What is the diagnosis of Mitral Stenosis
cardiac murmur heart; echocardiogram confirms
What is the diagnosis of Mitral Insufficiency
history of sore throat or rheumatic fever; murmu; echocardiogram confirms; ECG and cardio cath
What is the diagnosis of Mitral Valve Prolapse
click-murmur syndrome heard on auscultation; echocardiogram confirms; PVCs on ECG
What is the diagnosis of Arrhythmias
12-lead ECG; Holter monitor to determine specific type or physician knows
What is the diagnosis of Shock
clinical picture and history of precipitating event
What is the diagnosis of Cardiogenic Shock
ECG and radiographic chest studies; hypotensive state that continues to worsen
What is the diagnosis of Cardiac Tamponade
clinical picture and history of traumatic event; heart sounds muffled while respirations fine
What is the diagnosis of Emboli
clinical picture and history of bed rest, inactivity, heart failure, and any other condition; leg pain in patient with aforementioned
What is the diagnosis of Atherosclerosis
during routine physical examination or screening process; Doppler studies show reduced blood flow
What is the diagnosis of Aneurysms
aortic mass in midabdomen and pulsation observed; bruit on auscultation; usually diagnosed with rupture; imaging techniques confirm diagnosis
What is the diagnosis of Phlebitis
clinical picture and history or preceding events
What is the diagnosis of Thrombophlebitis
clinical picture and gross edema in one leg; venography and US confirm
What is the diagnosis of Varicose Veins
presence of twisted, swollen, knotted veins of lower legs on inspectation; prolonged standing, sitting, or pregnancy
What is the diagnosis of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)
intense leg pain or the instep; arteriogram and US identify site; long term smoking of tobacco suggests diagnosis
What is the diagnosis of Raynaud’s Disease
clinical picture and history of numbness and paleness of the areas;
What is the diagnosis of Anemias
blood studies show changes in blood chemistry; from those changes diagnosis obtained
What is the diagnosis of Agranulocytosis
blood studies show leukpenia; decrease PMN cells; lack of granulocytes
What is the diagnosis of Polycythemia
hematocrit shows increase number of RBc and hemoglobin levels
What is the diagnosis of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
peripheral blood smear shows increased immature lymphocytes; blast cells more than 30% of all cells in bone marrow; karyotype obtained
What is the diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
incidentally during blood work; increase mature leukocytes; B-cell marker screenings
What is the diagnosis of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
clinal picture and peripheral blood smear; Auer rod (abnormal lysosomal granules) inside leukocyte cell;
What is the diagnosis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
CBC reveals anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis; presence of Philadelphia chromsome
What is the diagnosis of Lymphedema
painless swelling in extremity observed
What is the diagnosis of Lymphangitis
visual inspect and observance of typical systemic manifestations of bacterial invasion
What is the diagnosis of Hodkin’s Disease
presence of Reed-Sternberg cells on lymph node biopsy
What is the diagnosis of Non-Hodkin’s Lymphoma
excisional biopsy; immmunologic, cytogenic, and molecular studies;
What is the diagnosis of Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction
signs of chills, fever, hives, dyspnea during transfusion shows possilbe reaction
What is the diagnosis of Classic Hemphilia
clinical picture; prolonged thromboplastin time (PTT); factor VIII assay of 0 to 30%
What is the diagnosis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
clinical picture; probable precipitating event; laboratory studies; PT is prolonged
