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PathMad > Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Diagnosis > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diagnosis of Coronary Artery Diseases

A

ECG shows ischemia; usually occluded 75% before pain; Treadmill testing, thalium scan; angiograms; many options

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2
Q

What is the diagnosis of Angina Pectoris

A

exertional chest pain; ECG during episode shows ischemia; normal ECG doesn’t exclude condition

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3
Q

What is the diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction

A

history; ECG and cardiac enzyme levels; CPK, troponin, lactic dehydrogenase; AST

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4
Q

What is the diagnosis of Cardiac Arrest

A

absence of respiratory effort and lack of palpable pulse; ECG shows asystole

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5
Q

What is the diagnosis of Essentail Hypertension

A

elevated BP; systolic greater than 140, diastolic greater than 90

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6
Q

What is the diagnosis of Malignant Hypertension

A

systolic BP greater than 200, diastolic greater than 120

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7
Q

What is the diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure

A

thorough history and physical examination; radiograph shows lung fluid; EEG, echocardiogram

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8
Q

What is the diagnosis of Cor Pulmonale

A

history of pulmonary disease and hypoxia; neck vein distention and peripheral edema apparent; right-sided heart enlargement on ECG

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9
Q

What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Edema

A

dyspnea, orthopnea, and bloody sputum; rales, rhonchi and wheezing; reduced O2 sat; decreased pH of blood

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10
Q

What is the diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy

A

complete physical exam; cardiomegaly; ECG reveals rate and rhythm irregularites; cardio cath.

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11
Q

What is the diagnosis of Pericarditis

A

blood studies lead to causative organism; elevated WBC, ESR, cardiac enzyme studies

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12
Q

What is the diagnosis of Myocarditis

A

increased ESR, cardiac enzymes; enlarged ventricle on radiograph; myocardial biopsy confirms

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13
Q

What is the diagnosis of Endocarditis

A

CBC indicate leukocytosis; echocardiogram shows valve involvement

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14
Q

What is the diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever

A

history of URI caused by B-hemolytic strep.; presence of polyarthritis and carditis

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15
Q

What is the diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

history of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease before penicillin

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16
Q

What is the diagnosis of Mitral Stenosis

A

cardiac murmur heart; echocardiogram confirms

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17
Q

What is the diagnosis of Mitral Insufficiency

A

history of sore throat or rheumatic fever; murmu; echocardiogram confirms; ECG and cardio cath

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18
Q

What is the diagnosis of Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

click-murmur syndrome heard on auscultation; echocardiogram confirms; PVCs on ECG

19
Q

What is the diagnosis of Arrhythmias

A

12-lead ECG; Holter monitor to determine specific type or physician knows

20
Q

What is the diagnosis of Shock

A

clinical picture and history of precipitating event

21
Q

What is the diagnosis of Cardiogenic Shock

A

ECG and radiographic chest studies; hypotensive state that continues to worsen

22
Q

What is the diagnosis of Cardiac Tamponade

A

clinical picture and history of traumatic event; heart sounds muffled while respirations fine

23
Q

What is the diagnosis of Emboli

A

clinical picture and history of bed rest, inactivity, heart failure, and any other condition; leg pain in patient with aforementioned

24
Q

What is the diagnosis of Atherosclerosis

A

during routine physical examination or screening process; Doppler studies show reduced blood flow

25
Q

What is the diagnosis of Aneurysms

A

aortic mass in midabdomen and pulsation observed; bruit on auscultation; usually diagnosed with rupture; imaging techniques confirm diagnosis

26
Q

What is the diagnosis of Phlebitis

A

clinical picture and history or preceding events

27
Q

What is the diagnosis of Thrombophlebitis

A

clinical picture and gross edema in one leg; venography and US confirm

28
Q

What is the diagnosis of Varicose Veins

A

presence of twisted, swollen, knotted veins of lower legs on inspectation; prolonged standing, sitting, or pregnancy

29
Q

What is the diagnosis of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

A

intense leg pain or the instep; arteriogram and US identify site; long term smoking of tobacco suggests diagnosis

30
Q

What is the diagnosis of Raynaud’s Disease

A

clinical picture and history of numbness and paleness of the areas;

31
Q

What is the diagnosis of Anemias

A

blood studies show changes in blood chemistry; from those changes diagnosis obtained

32
Q

What is the diagnosis of Agranulocytosis

A

blood studies show leukpenia; decrease PMN cells; lack of granulocytes

33
Q

What is the diagnosis of Polycythemia

A

hematocrit shows increase number of RBc and hemoglobin levels

34
Q

What is the diagnosis of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

peripheral blood smear shows increased immature lymphocytes; blast cells more than 30% of all cells in bone marrow; karyotype obtained

35
Q

What is the diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

incidentally during blood work; increase mature leukocytes; B-cell marker screenings

36
Q

What is the diagnosis of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

A

clinal picture and peripheral blood smear; Auer rod (abnormal lysosomal granules) inside leukocyte cell;

37
Q

What is the diagnosis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

A

CBC reveals anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis; presence of Philadelphia chromsome

38
Q

What is the diagnosis of Lymphedema

A

painless swelling in extremity observed

39
Q

What is the diagnosis of Lymphangitis

A

visual inspect and observance of typical systemic manifestations of bacterial invasion

40
Q

What is the diagnosis of Hodkin’s Disease

A

presence of Reed-Sternberg cells on lymph node biopsy

41
Q

What is the diagnosis of Non-Hodkin’s Lymphoma

A

excisional biopsy; immmunologic, cytogenic, and molecular studies;

42
Q

What is the diagnosis of Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction

A

signs of chills, fever, hives, dyspnea during transfusion shows possilbe reaction

43
Q

What is the diagnosis of Classic Hemphilia

A

clinical picture; prolonged thromboplastin time (PTT); factor VIII assay of 0 to 30%

44
Q

What is the diagnosis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

A

clinical picture; probable precipitating event; laboratory studies; PT is prolonged

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