Chapter 10: Diseases and Conditions of the Circulatory System: Diagnosis

Question 1

What is the diagnosis of Coronary Artery Diseases

Answer 1

ECG shows ischemia; usually occluded 75% before pain; Treadmill testing, thalium scan; angiograms; many options

Question 2

What is the diagnosis of Angina Pectoris

Answer 2

exertional chest pain; ECG during episode shows ischemia; normal ECG doesn’t exclude condition

Question 3

What is the diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction

Answer 3

history; ECG and cardiac enzyme levels; CPK, troponin, lactic dehydrogenase; AST

Question 4

What is the diagnosis of Cardiac Arrest

Answer 4

absence of respiratory effort and lack of palpable pulse; ECG shows asystole

Question 5

What is the diagnosis of Essentail Hypertension

Answer 5

elevated BP; systolic greater than 140, diastolic greater than 90

Question 6

What is the diagnosis of Malignant Hypertension

Answer 6

systolic BP greater than 200, diastolic greater than 120

Question 7

What is the diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 7

thorough history and physical examination; radiograph shows lung fluid; EEG, echocardiogram

Question 8

What is the diagnosis of Cor Pulmonale

Answer 8

history of pulmonary disease and hypoxia; neck vein distention and peripheral edema apparent; right-sided heart enlargement on ECG

Question 9

What is the diagnosis of Pulmonary Edema

Answer 9

dyspnea, orthopnea, and bloody sputum; rales, rhonchi and wheezing; reduced O2 sat; decreased pH of blood

Question 10

What is the diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy

Answer 10

complete physical exam; cardiomegaly; ECG reveals rate and rhythm irregularites; cardio cath.

Question 11

What is the diagnosis of Pericarditis

Answer 11

blood studies lead to causative organism; elevated WBC, ESR, cardiac enzyme studies

Question 12

What is the diagnosis of Myocarditis

Answer 12

increased ESR, cardiac enzymes; enlarged ventricle on radiograph; myocardial biopsy confirms

Question 13

What is the diagnosis of Endocarditis

Answer 13

CBC indicate leukocytosis; echocardiogram shows valve involvement

Question 14

What is the diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever

Answer 14

history of URI caused by B-hemolytic strep.; presence of polyarthritis and carditis

Question 15

What is the diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease

Answer 15

history of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease before penicillin

Question 16

What is the diagnosis of Mitral Stenosis

Answer 16

cardiac murmur heart; echocardiogram confirms

Question 17

What is the diagnosis of Mitral Insufficiency

Answer 17

history of sore throat or rheumatic fever; murmu; echocardiogram confirms; ECG and cardio cath

Question 18

What is the diagnosis of Mitral Valve Prolapse

Answer 18

click-murmur syndrome heard on auscultation; echocardiogram confirms; PVCs on ECG

Question 19

What is the diagnosis of Arrhythmias

Answer 19

12-lead ECG; Holter monitor to determine specific type or physician knows

Question 20

What is the diagnosis of Shock

Answer 20

clinical picture and history of precipitating event

Question 21

What is the diagnosis of Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 21

ECG and radiographic chest studies; hypotensive state that continues to worsen

Question 22

What is the diagnosis of Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 22

clinical picture and history of traumatic event; heart sounds muffled while respirations fine

Question 23

What is the diagnosis of Emboli

Answer 23

clinical picture and history of bed rest, inactivity, heart failure, and any other condition; leg pain in patient with aforementioned

Question 24

What is the diagnosis of Atherosclerosis

Answer 24

during routine physical examination or screening process; Doppler studies show reduced blood flow

Question 25

What is the diagnosis of Aneurysms

Answer 25

aortic mass in midabdomen and pulsation observed; bruit on auscultation; usually diagnosed with rupture; imaging techniques confirm diagnosis

Question 26

What is the diagnosis of Phlebitis

Answer 26

clinical picture and history or preceding events

Question 27

What is the diagnosis of Thrombophlebitis

Answer 27

clinical picture and gross edema in one leg; venography and US confirm

Question 28

What is the diagnosis of Varicose Veins

Answer 28

presence of twisted, swollen, knotted veins of lower legs on inspectation; prolonged standing, sitting, or pregnancy

Question 29

What is the diagnosis of Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)

Answer 29

intense leg pain or the instep; arteriogram and US identify site; long term smoking of tobacco suggests diagnosis

Question 30

What is the diagnosis of Raynaud's Disease

Answer 30

clinical picture and history of numbness and paleness of the areas;

Question 31

What is the diagnosis of Anemias

Answer 31

blood studies show changes in blood chemistry; from those changes diagnosis obtained

Question 32

What is the diagnosis of Agranulocytosis

Answer 32

blood studies show leukpenia; decrease PMN cells; lack of granulocytes

Question 33

What is the diagnosis of Polycythemia

Answer 33

hematocrit shows increase number of RBc and hemoglobin levels

Question 34

What is the diagnosis of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Answer 34

peripheral blood smear shows increased immature lymphocytes; blast cells more than 30% of all cells in bone marrow; karyotype obtained

Question 35

What is the diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Answer 35

incidentally during blood work; increase mature leukocytes; B-cell marker screenings

Question 36

What is the diagnosis of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Answer 36

clinal picture and peripheral blood smear; Auer rod (abnormal lysosomal granules) inside leukocyte cell;

Question 37

What is the diagnosis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Answer 37

CBC reveals anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis; presence of Philadelphia chromsome

Question 38

What is the diagnosis of Lymphedema

Answer 38

painless swelling in extremity observed

Question 39

What is the diagnosis of Lymphangitis

Answer 39

visual inspect and observance of typical systemic manifestations of bacterial invasion

Question 40

What is the diagnosis of Hodkin's Disease

Answer 40

presence of Reed-Sternberg cells on lymph node biopsy

Question 41

What is the diagnosis of Non-Hodkin's Lymphoma

Answer 41

excisional biopsy; immmunologic, cytogenic, and molecular studies;

Question 42

What is the diagnosis of Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction

Answer 42

signs of chills, fever, hives, dyspnea during transfusion shows possilbe reaction

Question 43

What is the diagnosis of Classic Hemphilia

Answer 43

clinical picture; prolonged thromboplastin time (PTT); factor VIII assay of 0 to 30%

Question 44

What is the diagnosis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Answer 44

clinical picture; probable precipitating event; laboratory studies; PT is prolonged