FFP Taxpayers Flashcards
Removing the cornice gives access to the cockloft in this type of taxpayer
Older type built turn of the century-1920’s; The most prevalent TP 1920-1960’s will NOT provide cockloft access
Do you cut LW Open Web Steel TP roofs?
Do NOT cut…limit vent to removal of skylight & scuttle cover (emphasis horizontal vent)
1st HL @ TP Cellar fire- does it advance down?
Yes- HL charged before advancing down. 2nd HL protects at the top of the stairs. Keep doorway open
TP fire is ILP recommended for 1st Eng?
Yes & if staffing permits feed sprinkler
Who shuts down utilities in TP fires
1st Ladder inside team (different than Collapse)
TP 1st Fl/Cockloft fire who takes the 1st saw?
1st Due Roof takes PL & saw, Hook
1st FF to the roof with the saw must also bring?
Hook; subsequent FF brings iron/ax with saw if available
Room requires _ % of space to contain explosive mixture for backdraft
25%
HL used in TP fires
Med/Heavy 2 1/2” HL;
Light fires 1 3/4”; Exposures 1 3/4” may be used
Who stretches 2nd HL for TP cellar fire
2nd Eng is conditions permit, otherwise 3rd Eng
TP 1st Fl fire/Cockloft fire who ensures the sprinkler supplied?
3rd Eng- may also stretch line as ordered by IC
2nd Roof FF tools at TP Cellar fire
2nd PL to roof & saw (1st saw) and iron/axe
2nd FE team at Store/Cockloft fire
FE adjacent stores to search & vent
2 story TP w/fire on 2nd fl is treated as a fire originating on the 1st fl of 1 story TP with added emphasis on
Need for AL to roof for venting & PL used to access 2nd floor. FE team uses stairway to the 2nd fl
Bldg Code for sprinklers 1938 vs 1968 (sq footage)
“10-75” ‘Older is Bigger’ 1938 >10,000 sq ft;
1968 >7,500 sq ft require sprinklers
Standard Pattern of attack at TP fires
FE, Vent, Pull ceilings, Operate HL “Fat Vinny Puts Out”
Trench cut at least _’ wide & _’ from initial vent cut
3’; 20’- Does NOT take place of vent holes
What is the last resort for TP cellar fires
Flood 1st Fl w/Stang or TL pipe
2nd Lad FE Team for TP Cellar fires?
Adjacent stores & cellar entrances
TP fire can a 2nd HL go to an exposure?
2nd HL may go to another seriously exposed building, or may have to skip several stores to confine cockloft fires.
2nd Roof tools at Store/Cockloft fire
2nd PL & 2nd Saw
Trucks other than 1st or 2nd due should report with _ in addition to normal tools
10 & 12’ hooks; Ejectors could also be used to vent below grade areas
1st & 2nd LCC position after TL & AL placement
Most fires in TP originate
Join FE team if not directed otherwise
Storage/utility area in rearmost of TP
In _ TP the flooring of 1st floor may not extend under raised front window display area
Older TP- remove paneling under these windows for vent & water application
1938 Code Rules for Max permitted area of structure
10,000, 14,500, 17,500 sq ft for 1, 2, 3 street fronts. Doubled if sprinklered
Can HL be used into a trench cut?
Yes; Delayed entry/pulling ceilings. FF must be withdrawn first. Afterward, small holes can be made to check for water accumulation
1st saw at Cellar TP fire brought by?
2nd Roof FF (1st Roof FF places PL & vents skylights/scuttles after communicating & coordinating w/Lad Off)
TP fire can the 1st HL be stretched to an exposure?
1st HL may to go Exp depending on life hazard
TP Store/Cockloft fire variation for the 1st due LCC?
If fire extends to cockloft proceed to roof & assist Roof FF; otherwise join FE team after TL/AL positioning
During business hours, how does 1st Eng advance the HL?
Via store front windows- keep exit doors for pedestrians
2nd LCC at Store/Cockloft position
Place AL away & join FE team if not directed otherwise
2nd OV variation Store/Cockloft fire
Proceeds to roof or other position as directed
Warning signs of Backdraft
Reversal of air pulling smoke back into a smoke filled opening, Glass windows stained w/smoke condensation & pulsating from the pressure of the fire, & Dense black smoke indicating lack of O2 & large qty of free carbon & CO gas. Other colors of smoke w/backdraft are dirty brown, yellow brown, & gray yellow
1968 Code for Max permitted area of structure
7,500 sq ft if no sprinklers; No limit if sprinklers
Mezzanine areas will be found _
Some are found in rear of store or bldg, Some along one side from front to rear or along part of one side, & Few have been erected in center of premises
Characteristics of Mezzanines
Height of ceilings in mezzanine & area below will be below average, Access via small wooden stair or just a ladder, Very seldom will there be another means of egress, Majority will NOT be enclosed & there will be a railing at the edge
Most common roof construction
Wood joists covered with either tongue & groove boards or plywood. Roof then covered w/combustible waterproofing material called tarpaper or built up roofing which may be several layers thick. Layer of tin in old taxpayers.
Roof joists may supported at approximately _’ intervals, by exterior brick bearing walls, interior load bearing studded partitions, wood or steel girders supported by steel lally columns or wood columns
20’ intervals.
In older type truss roof buildings, the trusses may be spaced _ feet apart with roof beams installed between the trusses to support the roof coverings
10 or 20’ apart
T/F Wood truss roofs will sag or get spongy before failing
False: Wood truss roofs appear to fail without warning. Steel trusses tend to stretch when losing strength, but wood snaps
Open web steel joists are used to span long distances- up to _’
Up to 60’. Vulnerable to elevated temperatures and may collapse after only 5-10 minutes from fire
An average 50’ long steel beam, heated uniformly over its length to 970F will extend _;
At 1000F a 100’ beam will extend _
In length approximately four inches;
9 1/2” in length
T/F Cooling steel member will cause it to regain strength and load carrying ability, and there should be no hesitation in cooling these members. Once cooled FF’s will be allowed to work underneath the cooled steel beams
False: FF’s should NOT be allowed in the possible collapse zone, whether cooled or not. Steel could shorten to original length and pull the end of the beams off their support or twist the beam allowing joists to drop
Cast iron columns are unpredictable and can fail within _
Thirty minutes
The most common type of flooring in taxpayers is _
Tongue and groove boards or plywood, supported by wood floor joists
Warning sign that will signal a potential structural collapse during FF operations are a heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for _
20 minutes or more, particularly in a large open floor area
Three basic factors necessary for ordinary combustion are also necessary for a backdraft: _
Combustibles, Oxygen, & heat