Dunn

Question 1

Dunn Choose the incorrect:
A. Flat roof has two primary structural members; the two bearing walls
B. Gable roof has 3 primary structural members; the two bearing walls and one ridge rafter
C. A hip roof has seven primary structural members; the two bearing walls, one ridge rafter and four hip rafters
D. In general, of the 3 methods of sloping roofs (rafter, plank & beam, truss,) the truss roof has the largest area of unsupported roof deck

Answer 1

C. A hip roof has NINE primary structural members; the FOUR bearing walls, one ridge rafter and four hip rafters
***This was an update in Dunn’s 2nd Edition. The hip roof has four bearing walls, not two
Dunn ch 7 p95, 96

Question 2

According to Vincent Dunn, 8-step “Collapse Search & Rescue Procedure” choose the correct?
A. Surveying the collapse site is the first step
B. Immediately after searching voids & removing trapped victims, selected debris removal may be initiated
C. General rubble removal is the next step after a time-out is taken
D. Shutting off utilities is the third step

Answer 2

D is correct

A) False. Secure the area
B) False. Take a time-out to reexamine safety & determine locations of buried victims
C) False. Tunnel and trench to buried and trapped victims (previously known as selected debris removal)
***In Dunn’s 2nd edition, the 6 step plan becomes an 8 step plan with “securing the area” (step 1) and “taking a time-out” (step 6) added Dunn ch 18 p242

Question 3

Dunn priority order from most to least dangerous?
A. Floors, roof, wall, and finally ceiling
B. Roof, wall, floors, and finally ceiling
C. Ceiling, roof, wall, and finally floors
D. Walls, floors, roof, and finally ceiling

Answer 3

A. *** This is a new addition to Dunn’s chapter 1

Dunn ch 1 p9

Question 4

Incorrect statement?
A) A true fire wall, separating two sections of a building, has an independent foundation.
B) A firewall separating 2 sections of a bldg is designed to allow collapse of the roof & floors of one section without affecting the integrity or stability of the fire wall and other section of the building.
C) A fire wall where roof and floor beams run perpendicular with the wall can be considered a fire division

Answer 4

C Parallel (Dunn, chapter 19)

Question 5

Most correct?
A. Places of worship are often the most unstable structures. In the order of instability, the tower and steeple are the most unstable, followed by the chimney and then the free standing parapet wall.
B. Lines advancement should always be done through the front door with the 2nd large diameter hose used to immediately back up the 1st line.
C. Fire reaching the attic space in all places of worship cannot be extinguished by handheld hose lines because there is only one small door and no possibility to vent.
D. If after venting the side windows nearest the fire, the attack changes to an exterior attack, because of their value, additional side stain glass windows should not be vented.

Answer 5

A. Places of Worship p46
Dunn Ch 8 - Breakdowns

B. If extinguishable, the first line should be taken through the FRONT OR SIDE door to attack the seat of the fire to extinguish it. p46
C. Fire reaching the attic space of MOST places of worship can not be extinguished by handheld hose lines because there is only one small door and no possibility to vent. p48
D. If after venting these windows—the attack changes to an exterior attack, because of their value, the IC must then decide about venting all side stained glass windows.

Question 6

Serious fire in attic space of a commercial bldg with a bowstring truss roof concealed by a ceiling- extinguishment would be:
A. Attempted from below if a trap door exists in the ceiling
B. Attempt from above if the roof can be quickly opened
C. From below if ceilings can be quickly opened
D. Defensive outside attack & protection of exposures is the best course of action

Answer 6

D

Question 7

3 ways masonry exterior bldg walls may collapse: Choose the incorrect:
A. 90 degree angle collapse is the most common type of masonry wall failure that occurs at fires
B. Collapse of brick veneer, brick cavity, or masonry backed stone wall often occurs in curtain fall manner
C. Inward outward- top of broken wall usually falls outward & bottom falls inward
D. Inward outward collapse may be caused by collapse of bowstring timber truss roof

Answer 7

C Top falls inward and bottom outward

Question 8

T/F A Canopy is less of a collapse danger than a marquee

Answer 8

False

Question 9

When does a parapet wall often collapse
A. During incipient/growth stage of fire
B. During fully developed/free burning stage
C. During overhauling stage of fire

Answer 9

C

Question 10

Bowstring truss roof most correct 1st HL
A. 2 1/2” & attack main body of fire. If it does not control the flames within the 1st minute, discontinue interior attack
B. 2 1/2” & attack main body of fire. If it does not control flames within 1st few seconds interior attack discontinued
C. 2 1/2” & maintain defensive position, operating line from an area just outside the front or rear entrance door. If roof collapses, members will be in a safe area

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Regarding church fires, incorrect:
A. Portion of place of worship that is most unstable is the tower or steeple
B. A steeple on top is more stable than a dome at the top of a tower
C. Church fire where a peak roof and staple or tower, the wall that presents the least danger is the Exp 3 wall
D. Attic fires in churches, the ceiling may collapse before the roof collapses

Answer 11

B

Question 12

Correct points for fire in church
A. 1st HL taken only through front door. Side doors of churches should not be used for 1st line
B. 1st & 2nd HL stretched into church should both be 2 1/2”
C. If 2 HL cannot ext fire via interior attack, w/draw FFs & fight from outside
D. Defensive attack from inside church may be conducted only if fire is in rear of church
E. 1st TL positioned in corner safe area, supplied w/water & raised to Rose Window. Subsequent master streams positioned around structure to protect Exp
F. Primary venting of Rose window at front of church. Venting from bucket- vent entire window

Answer 12

BCEF

Question 13

Spray on Fire Retarding Material applied onto steel surface that has been previously painted w/primer: the adhesion of SFRM will be
A. Reduced 1/4-1/3 C. Increased by 1/4-1/3
B. Reduced 1/3-1/2 D. Increased by 1/3-1/2

Answer 13

B

Question 14

When fire reaches the attic, the ceilings or truss beams can collapse on members. In most places of worship an attic fire can:
A. Generally be extinguished w/a HL
B. Generally not be extinguished w/HL & requires withdrawal of members & an exterior attack

Answer 14

B

Question 15

Incorrect for stained glass windows
A. During initial HL attack, venting may not be necessary because rising smoke & heat allow FF to see or approach fire
B. Side stained windows may not need to be vented. If stained glass window vent req’d, place PL against church on upwind side of windows
C. 1st venting of stained glass windows should be nearest fire on only 1 side of bldg - leeward side
D. Venting side glass windows will not vent smoke stratifying at upper reaches of bldg- where wood timber trusses are located

Answer 15

C

Question 16

Ceiling in a finished basement can provide at least how many minutes of fire protection for the floor supports above it
A. 5 min B. 10 min
C. 15 min D. 20 min

Answer 16

D

Question 17

Which collapse is most dangerous type of wood frame bldg collapse
A. 90 degree angle B. Lean over collapse
C. Inward-outward D. Rear wall collapse

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Collapse Rescue Plan 8 Steps in correct order
1. Survey the site of collapse
2. Search for & remove surface victims 1st
3. Start general rubble removal
4. Secure the area
5. Shut of all utilities
6. Tunnel & trench
7. Take a time out
8. Search all voids & spaces created by collapsed structure
A. 4, 1, 5, 2, 8, 7, 6, 3
B. 1, 4, 2, 5, 8, 3, 7, 6

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Which operation is slower, safer, & has less chance of secondary collapse
(Tunneling or Trenching);

Answer 19

Trenching

Question 20

After surface victim removal & void search what percent of survivors have been found (50% or 75%); Is it better to have more or fewer members engaged in rescue work when the exact location of a victim is known?

Answer 20

75%;

Fewer

Question 21

2 story house attached to another 2 story house separated by a firewall between the bldgs. 1st fl joists are pulling away from masonry wall supports on one structure, but the attached exp is fine and there is no fire extension. Can members operate in the exposure?

Answer 21

No. Evacuate members from both structures

Question 22

Incorrect for Party walls vs Fire walls
A. Party wall where roof beams from both sections are supported by the wall is not a true fire wall
B. Collapse of roof on one side will not cause party wall to collapse on other side
C. True fire wall separating 2 sections of a bldg has an independent foundation
D. Fire wall separating 2 sections of bldg is designed to allow collapse of roof & flrs on 1 section w/o affecting integrity or stability of fire wall & other sections of bldg

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Which structural element is most likely to kill FFs
A. Floors
B. Roofs
C. Walls
D. Ceilings

Answer 23

A “Fat Ralph Wants Cake”

Question 24

Steel at 1100 degrees F will lost _ percent of load carrying capacity

Answer 24

40 percent

Question 25

Correct for Church fires
A. Rose window should not be ventilated unless absolutely necessary
B. If 3 interior HL cannot ext fire, then FF’s must be w/drawn & outside attack instituted
C. 1st ventilation of side stained glass windows should be limited to windows on both sides of church near the fire inside the bldg
D. Steeple on a tower is a very stable structure

Answer 25

C

Question 26

Primary Structural Elements
1. Floor Beams     2. Non-bearing wall
3. Bearing wall      4. Columns 
5. Girders              6. Headers
7. Hip Rafters        8. Ridgepoles
9. Trimmer beams 10. Roof beams
A. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Answer 26

A

Question 27

Hip Roof in PD will have _ bearing walls, _ ridge rafters, & _ hip rafters
A. 4, 1, 4 B. 3, 1, 3 C. 4, 2, 3 D. 2, 3, 3

Answer 27

A

Question 28

Incorrect
A. Demising wall is a partition wall that extends from floor slab to floor slab above
B. Dwarf partition wall extends to underside of ceiling & doesn’t stop or limit fire spread above ceiling
C. Party wall is non-bearing wall that supports flrs & roofs of 3 bldgs. Its collapse will not affect stability of adjoining structure
D. Fire wall is non-bearing self supporting wall designed to prevent passage of fire from 1 side to another. Fire wall must be independent of structure on either side

Answer 28

C

Question 29

Incorrect
A. Compression a force that presses or squeezes a structure together
B. Steel is strong in compression only concrete is strong in compression & tension
C. Stress placed on a structural member by the pull of forces causes tension stress
D. Ex of shear stress is when contacting parts or layers of structure slide past one another

Answer 29

B

Question 30

Buildings under construction or demolition are unstable structures where collapse can occur fast. Worker sheds, office shanties, and temporary office trailers are often found around the perimeter and sometimes even inside buildings. Which one of the following is the number one ignition source for shanty fires?
A. Illegal smoking
B. Careless cooking
C. Portable heaters
D. Matches

Answer 30

C Portable heaters too close to combustibles are the number one ignition source. Illegal smoking and matches, and careless cooking, are also ignition sources.

Question 31

Lightweight Steel 3 common methods of protecting steel from fire: 1) Concrete Encasement 2) Spray-on Fire Retarding Material 3) Membrane Ceiling. Most effective to least effective
A. 1 3 2
B. 1 2 3
C. 3 2 1
C. 2 1 3

Answer 31

A Concrete Encasement is the best method from a FFs point of view
Membrane Ceiling not as effective as Concrete Encasement
Spray-on Fire Retarding Material is the most popular, but the least effective method

Question 32

According to Dunn experience has shown that firefighters operating hoselines cannot extinguish fires in floor areas over \_\_\_ square feet.
A. 1,000
B. 10,000
C. 5,000
D. 7,500

Answer 32

C

Question 33

Incorrect buildings under construction?
A: If the building on fire is exposing the crane, the IC must setup a collapse zone equal to the height of the crane.
B: Cast in place structures- defensive using outside aerial streams to protect exposures from fire spread & extinguish fire from a safe distance.
C: Floor collapse can occur anytime during construction & can trigger a multilevel floor collapse of the entire building.
D: Outside aerial master streams are recommended to extinguish fire in formwork supporting floors. All FF’s should be removed to floors below during this operation.
E: Shanties are required to be noncombustible. Portable heaters too close to combustibles are the number one ignition source with other ignition sources being illegal smoking, matches and careless cooking

Answer 33

D Outside aerial master streams are the recommended strategy to extinguish fires in form-work supporting floors. All FF’s should be REMOVED FROM THE BUILDING during this operation

Question 34

Choose incorrect for Houses of Worship
A. Tower & steeple are most unstable part of church
B. If interior attack possible, stretch 1st HL via front or side door to attack seat of fire
C. Stretch largest size hose, maneuverability is not a factor
D. 2nd large diameter hose should immediately back up 1st
E. Rose window is only window high enough & big enough to vent smoke & heat at upper reaches of burning place of worship
F. Exp 1 & 3 are most dangerous areas in regards to collapse at fires in a place of worship

Answer 34

F Exp 1, 2, 4 most dangerous. Exp 3 least

Question 35

Entire suspended ceiling collapses on members trapping them. Most important next step correct
A. Initiate search & rescue efforts
B. Lift weight of collapsed ceiling off members
C. Sweep area above collapsed ceiling with a hose line
D. Transmit “Urgent” message to IC regarding collapse

Answer 35

C chapter 12

Question 36

According to Dunn, the loads that can cause a collapse during a fire include all of the following except which one?
A: Dead Loads
B: Fire Loads
C: Impact Loads
D: Intermittent Loads

Answer 36

D Dunn P 10 - The loads that can cause a collapse during a fire are dead loads, live loads, impact loads and fire loads. Note: Gravity Loads are a combination of dead loads and live loads.

Question 37

Incorrect
A: “Corner Safe Areas” are the four flanking zones around a burning building
B: “Progressive Collapse” is the initial structural failure that spreads from structural element to structural element resulting in a collapse of the entire structure or a disproportionately large part of it
C: “Interstitial Space” is a concealed space between floors used to contain large mechanical and electrical equipment. It can be up to 8 feet high
D: “Gravity Load” is a combination of a dead load and an eccentric load

Answer 37

D… dead load and live load (ch 2). A dead load is a static or fixed load created by the structure itself. A live load is a transient or movable load. A definition question was on the 2005 LTs exam
You have to know these cold

Question 38

3 common methods of protecting steel from fire:
1) Concrete Encasement 2) Spray-on Fire Retarding Material 3) Membrane Ceiling. From the choices listed below, select the answer that lists them in order from most effective to least effective
A: 1 3 2
B: 1 2 3
C: 3 2 1
D: 2 1 3

Answer 38

A Concrete Encasement is the best method from a FFs point of view
Membrane Ceiling not as effective as Concrete Encasement
Spray-on Fire Retarding Material is the most popular, but the least effective method

Question 39

Interstitial space, also known as a plenum space, is a concealed space between floors used to contain large mechanical & electrical equipment. It may contain a walkway for access for maintenance, repairs and renovations. These spaces may be up to \_\_\_ feet tall.
A: 8
B: 10
C: 12
D: 14

Answer 39

A

Question 40

Masonry walls may collapse in all but which
A. Lean to collapse
B. Curtain fall collapse
C. Inward outward collapse
D. 90 degree angle collapse

Answer 40

A pg 55-60

Question 41

What is the minimum distance outward from the front wall the collapse or danger zone should extend to
A. At least the height of the front wall including the parapet
B. Equal to a distance of 1 1/2 to 2 times the height of the wall
C. No more than 1 1/2 times the height of the front wall
D. Half the distance of the front wall plus add’l space for the parapet

Answer 41

B pg 63

Question 42

Incorrect Timber truss
A. 1st Eng at timber truss roof without a ceiling should attack the fire directly w/large diameter HL. A powerful water stream, capable of reaching distances of 50’ will be needed
B. 1st HL should attack the main body of fire. If 1st stream does not control the flames within 1st few seconds of water discharge, & it appears that the fire will increase, interior FF should be discontinued & FFs withdrawn
C. If 1st HL is successful & controls fire at fl level & it appears that the fire will not spread, a BU large diameter HL should be stretched into the bldg
D. If the fire is in a single timber truss, all interior ops must immediately cease & member withdrawn
E. FFs attempting the initial HL attack on a fire should be positioned behind a truss section next to the one on fire

Answer 42

D pg 113 & 115

Question 43

Incorrect venting bowstring timber truss roof
A. Bowstring timber truss roofed bldg which does not have web members enclosed w/plasterboard, vent openings may be made if front & rear sloping portions of the roof, providing horizontal cross vent of entire roof space
B. To determine if fire has spread to the roof space of a bowstring truss, a rectangular cut should be made in the sloping front or rear of the roof from an aerial platform
C. If a small fire, such as an overheated motor or electrical wiring, exists, in an attic space that is concealed by a ceiling, & access to the truss attic space can’t be found, quick access can be obtained by making roof cut opening at the sloping ends of the roof deck
D. A hose stream can be directed into a truss roof area through a roof cut opening at the sloping ends if the small, normal access opening cannot be located

Answer 43

B Triangular cut p 114

Question 44

While U-return stairs will not collapse due to fl failure, they still can collapse during a fire. The steel frame of risers, stringboards & railings rarely collapse. The most serious danger of collapse in these stairs is the collapse of the intermediate landing. Which is incorrect
A. Most frequent cause of collapse is the failure of a stone stair tread of step
B. When climbing a steel framed U-return stair w/stone treads, a FF should not allow the stone tread to support his weight
C. FFs should avoid stepping on the intermediate landing if possible. Hold onto banister from the lower section of stairs & swing around to upper sections of stairs
D. The impact of a member’s weight on the intermediate landing is greater when the member is climbing up the stairs rather than coming down the stairs

Answer 44

D Intermediate landings made of stone or marble on steel framed U-return stairs most often collapse under the weight of FF’s descending the stair. Stepping down creates more stress on the stone than his weight slowly applied when climbing up Ch 13

Question 45

Exterior screened fire escapes incorrect
A. They are the safest fire escape type
B. They extend from the roof of the bldg to the street by way of permanent, stationary metal stair
C. It’s like an interior stair- wide enough for 2 people to descend side by side & they have handrails
D. When a rusted metal fire escape step fails, a FF can fall the rest of the way down the flight of steps or fall through the stairs to the stairway below

Answer 45

B Extends from the top flr of the bldg to the street by way of a permanent, stationary metal stair pg 190

Question 46

Incorrect party balcony
A. They have no stairway or ladder connecting them to the other balconies
B. The hazard of the party balcony is collapse from overloading or failure of the supports
C. Safest method to remove people from a party balcony is with FD PL or AL
D. Real protection provided by a party balcony is the unpierced fire division between the 2 adj occupancies

Answer 46

C Adjoining apartment pg 192

Question 47

3 ways that wood frame bldg can collapse. Which is not 1
A. Pancake 
B. 90 degree angle
C. Lean over
D. Inward/outward

Answer 47

A pg 200 slight conflict Collapse 11.4.3 figure 6.

Question 48

If a fire in a bldg under construction is exposing crane- the IC must consider a possible crane collapse. What should the collapse zone size be
A. Equal to the height of the bldg
B. Equal to the height of the crane
C. 1 1/2 times the height of the bldg
D. 1 1/2 times the height of the crane

Answer 48

B pg 215

Question 49

According to Vincent Dunn, which definition below is not entirely correct?
A: Multilevel floor collapse- A total collapse of a building
B: Timber- Wood larger than 2x4 inches
C: Gravity Load- combo of a dead load and a live load
D: Torsional Load- A load that creates a twisting stress on a structural member

Answer 49

Multilevel Floor Collapse-A floor failure that causes one or more floors below and one or more enclosing walls to collapse.
Global Collapse- A total collapse of a building.
Dunn Chapter 2