Practical topic 33 Flashcards
What is the abdominal wall composed of?
- Cranially:
- Diaphragm
- Dorsal:
- Lumbar vertebrae
- Lumbar muscles
- Laterally and ventrally:
- Abdominal muscles
- Caudal
- Continuous with pelvic cavity
Dorsal abdominal wall
Roof of abdominal cavity, consisting of :
- Skin
- Superficial and deep thoracolumbar faciae
-
Epaxial muscles
- M. iliocostalis
- M. longissimus
- M. multifidus
-
Hypaxial muscles
- M. quadratus lumborum
- m. iliopsoas
- m. psoas minor
- Lumbar vertebrae with processus transversus
- Iliac faciae
Lateral and ventral abdominal wall
Attached:
- Cranially to the ribs and sternum
- Dorsally of lumbar transverse process
- Caudally to the pelvis
Consists of:
- Skin
- Superficial and deep fascia (superficial fascia encloses m. cutaneous trunci)
- Internal layer of fascia = fascia transversus
- Abdominal muscles
Where is peritoneum located
- Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
- Forms a large peritoneal sac enclosing cavum peritonei = the peritoneal cavity
- Extends caudally into pelvic cavity
Peritoneum
Male dogs
- Each inguinal canal in the male permits a peritoneal invagination (tunica vaginalis) to reach the scrotum
- The peritoneal cavity is closed
Peritoneum
Female dogs
It is open to the outside by the genital tract (small openings of uterine tube)
Give the openings found in peritoneum
- Hiatus aorticus
- Hiatus esophageus
- Foramen venae cavae
- The pleura and peritoneum form a seal around these openings
Give the subdivisions of peritoneum
- Peritoneum parietale
- Peritoneum viscerale
What does peritoneum parietale cover?
The abdominal wall
What does peritoneum viscerale covers
Organs
Give the subdivisions of peritoneum viscerale, and what do they cover?
- Intraperitoneal:
- Most organs
- Retroperitoneal:
- Kidney, ureter (in the retroperitoneal space)
- Extraperitoneal:
- Ovaries
What is the function of the omenrtum?
- Protect organs
- Filled with lymph vessels
- Fat storage
- Omentalization (covers injuries)
What does the greater and lesser omentum cover?
- Greater:
- Most of the organs
- Lesser:
- Situated cranially, has cranial recess
What is the divisions of the greater omentum?
- Superficial layer:
- Parietal
- Omental bursa / lesser peritoneal cavity (cranial and caudal recess)
- Parietal
- Deep layer:
- Visceral
Omentum minus
What is it a part of?
Ventral mesogastrium
Omentum minus
Where does it pass?
- Passes from:
- Curvatura minor of the stomach
- Cranial part of duodenum
-
Passes to:
- Fascies visceralis of the liver
Omentum minus
Compartmenst
- Vestibulum bursae omentalis
- Vestibule of omental bursae
- Enclosed by lesser omentum, stomach and liver
- Lig. hepatogastricum
- Left
- Lig. hepatoduodenale
- Right
- Contains bile duct
- Recessus cranialis omentalis
Omentum minus
Recessus cranialis omentalis
- The ligaments create the borders (lig. hepatogastricum and lig. hepatoduodenale)
- Contains:
- Processus papillaris of the liver
-
Foramen epiploicum:
- Demonstrate by putting fingers between vena cava caudalis and vena portae
- Connecting greater peritoneal sac and vestibulum bursae omentalis
Omentum majus
What is it an extension of?
Extended fold of dorsal mesogastrium
Omentum majus
Where does it attach?
To curvatura major of the stomach
Omentum majus
Where is paries superficialis found?
Between jejunum and ventral abdominal wall
Enclosing bursa omentalis
Omentum majus
Paries profundus
Dorsal to stomach, contains left lobe of pancreas
Omentum majus
Give the ligaments
-
Lig. gastrolienalis
- Stomach → spleen
-
Lig. Gastrophrenicus
- Stomach → diaphragm
-
Lig. phrenicolienalis
- Diaphragm → spleen
Omentum majus
Give the recess
-
Recessus caudalis omentalis
- Contains recessus lienalis (splenic recess)
Mesentries
Attachments
- From dorsal mesogastrium(?)
- Attaches to the abdominal wall opposite of the second lumbar vertebrae by a short peritoneal attachment known as root of the mesentrery
- Peripheral border attaches to jejunum and ileum
Mesentries
What is it continuous with?
With ascending mesocolon and ileocolic junction
Mesentries
Sub divisions
-
Mesoduodenum
- From dorsal abdominal wall to the duodenum
- Encloses right lobe of pancrease
- Cranially: continous with omentum majus
- Caudally: continous with duodenum
- Caudal flexure
-
Mesojejunum
- From dorsal abdominal wall to jejunum
-
Mesoileum
- From dorsal abdominal wall to ileum
-
Mesocolon
-
Mesocolon ascendens
- From dorsal abdominal wall to ascending colon
-
Mesocolon transversum
- From dorsal abdominal wall to transverse colon
-
Mesocolon descendens
- From dorsal abdominal wall to descending colon
-
Mesocolon ascendens
-
Mesorectum
- From dorsal abdominal wall to rectum
-
Velum omentale
- Attachment between mesocolon and spleen
Give the ligaments of the liver
- Lig. falciforme hepatis
- Lig. coronarium hepatis
- Lig. triangualre dextrum et sinistrum
- Lig. hepatorenale
Lig. falciforme hepatis
- Extends from
- Liver → diaphragm
- Ventral abdominal wall → umbilicus
- Adult dogs:
- Filled with fat
- Goes only from diaphragm → umbilicus
- Young dogs:
- Lig. teres hepatis, remnant of v. umbilicus
Lig. coronarium hepatis
- Sheet of peritoneum
- Passes between
- Diaphragm → liver
- Around the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins
- Ventrally, the right and left parts of the coronary ligaments converge to form lig. falciforme
Lig. triangulare dextrum et sinistrum
- Right:
- From the right crus of the diaphragm above central tendinous part of lateral right lobe of the liver
- Left:
- From the left crus of the dipahragm to the lateral lobe of the liver
Lig. hepatorenale
Between caudate process (with impressio renalis) and the right kidney
Give the folds and their localization
- Plica duodenocolica:
- Peritoneal fold between duodenum ascendens and colon descendens
- Plica ileocaecalis:
- Fold between ileum and colon
Invaginations
-
Excavatio pubovesicalis
- Between pubic bone and bladder
-
Excavatio vesicogenitalis
- Between bladder and uterus
-
Excavatio rectogenitalis
- Between uterus and rectum
-
Fossa parietalis
- On each side of the rectum (place fingers there to show)
- Confluent with excavation rectogenitalis
- Male: excavatio vesicogenitalis and rectogenitalis is almost confluent / non-seprable
-
Plica gentialis separate them
- Contains umpullae of ductus deferens, uterus.
-
Plica gentialis separate them
Give the ligaments of the bladder
-
Lig. vesicae mdianum
- Median ligament of the bladder
-
Lig. vesicae laterale
- X2
- Lateral ligaments of the bladder
- May contain round ligament
-
Lig. teres vesicae
- X2
- Round ligament of the bladder
-
Lig. latum uteri
- Broad ligament of the bladder
- Arise from the wall of pelvic cavity
Give the divisions of lig. latum uteri
Divided into 3 parts:
- Mesometrium
- Mesovarium
-
Mesosalpinx
- Envelopes tuba utrina
Give the ligaments of the female genitals
-
Lig. suspensorium ovarii
- Free border of the mesovarium
- Lig. teres uteri
- Lig. ovarii proprium
