B23 - The hindgut of the pig and carnivores, blood supply and innervation Flashcards

1
Q

Define hindgut

A
  • The caudal portion the the embryonic gut which develops into the colon and the rectum
  • Begins at the cecum
  • Ends at the anus
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2
Q

Give the portions of the hindgut

A
  1. Cecum (Right side of the abdominal cavity, except from in pig)
  2. Colon
  3. Rectum (Partly inside, partly outside the abdomen)
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3
Q

Caecum

A
  • Basis caeci (Dorsal dilation of cecum, eq)
  • Corpus caeci
  • Apex caeci
  • Curvatura caeci major
  • Curvatura caeci minor
  • Teniae caeci (eq, su) (Bands of cecum)
    • Tenia dorsalis (Ø su)
    • Tenia ventralis
    • Tenia medialis
    • Tenia lateralis
  • Haustra caeci (eq, su) (Sacculations of the cecum between the teniae and between the plica semilunares)
  • Ostium caecocolicum (Opening between cecum → colon)
  • Valva caecocolica (eq)
  • M. sphincter caeci (ca, bo, su)
  • Plica iliocolica (Attaches to tenia dorsalis)
  • Plica caecocolica (C**olon ventrale dextrum → tenia lateralis of the caecum)
  • Swine:
    • 3 haustra, 3 tenia
    • Left side
    • Apex in inguinal region
  • Dog:
    • No haustra, no tenia
    • Right side, L2-L4
    • Caudal directed
    • Attached to ileum and colon ascendens by peritoneal folds
    • Communicate with colon ascendens at the ostium ileocaecolicaum
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4
Q

Colon

Pig

A
  • Colon ascendens
    • Ansa spiralis coli (Coiled on the left side of the mesentery)
      • Gyri centripetales (Moves towards flexura centralis)
      • Flexura centralis (Last in-going coil is continous with the first out-going coil)
      • Gyri centrifugales (Move away from flexura centralis towards ansa distalis coli)
    • Ansa distalis coli (Last part of colon ascendens)
  • Colon transversum (Passing right → left direction, cranial to a. mesenterica cranialis)
  • Colon descendens (Passes in a straight line to pelvic inlet, suspended by mesocolon descendens)
  • Teniae coli (Bands of colon, formed by longitudinal muscles, Sus: 2)
  • Haustra coli (Sacculation of the colon between tenia, and between plica semilunares)
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5
Q

Colon

Dog

A
  • Colon ascendens
    • Shortest of the three segments
    • Lateral: duodenum descendens and right lobe of pancreas
    • Medial: root of the mesentery
  • Flexura coli dextra
  • Colon transversum
    • Right → left, passes between stomach and a. mesenterica cranialis
    • Th12 level
  • Flexura coli sinistra
  • Colon descendens
    • Extends to the pelvic inlet, continued by the rectum
    • Longest of the three segments
    • Lies dorsally in the left half of the abdominal cavity
    • Related medially to duodenum ascendens: plica duodenocolica
  • Location: dosal in the abdomen
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6
Q

Rectum

A
  • Ampulla recti
  • Dog:
    • Short
    • L7 level
    • enters the pelvic cavity ventral to sacrum
    • In the retroperitoneal part of the pelvic cavity: ampulla recti
    • Outer muscle layer of rectum: M. retrococcygeus
  • Swine:
    • Embedded in fat
    • Distinct ampulla recti before canalis analis
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7
Q

Bloodsupply of the large intestines

Pig

A
  • Caecum: a. ileocolica → a. caecalis
  • Colon ascendens:
    • Gyri centripetalis: a. mesenterica cranialis → a. ileocolica → r. colicus
    • Gyri centrifugalis: a. mesenterica cranialis a. colica dextra
    • R. colicus & a. colica dextra anastamoses at the flexura centralis
  • Colon transversus: a. mesenterica cranialis → a. colica media
  • Colon descendens: a. mesenterica caudalis → a. colica sinistra (anastamoses with a. colica media)
  • Rectum: a. mesenterica caudalis → a. rectalis cranialis

Veins follow the pattern of the arteries, and drain into vena portae

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8
Q

Bloodsuply of the large intestines

Dog

A
  • Caecum: a. ileocolica → a. caecalis
  • Colon ascendens:
    • a. ileocolica → r. colicus
    • a. mesenterica cranialis → a. colica dextra
  • Colon transversus: a. mesenterica cranialis → a. colica media
  • Colon descendens:
    • a. mesenterica caudalis a. colica sinistra
    • a. colica media
  • Rectum: a. mesenterica caudalis a. rectalis cranialis
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9
Q

Innervation

A
  • Sympathetic
    • Decreased activity
    • Ggl. & plexus mesentericus cranialis
    • Ggl. & plexus mesentericus caudalis
  • Parasympathetic:
    • Increased activity
    • Vagal nerves: supply intestines to the junction between colon transversus and colon descendens
    • Pelvic nerves: supply colon descendens and rectum
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