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Anatomy 3 final (practical and oral part) > A7 - Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, their junctions, respiratory muscles > Flashcards

A7 - Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, their junctions, respiratory muscles Flashcards

Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, their junctions, respiratory muscles

1
Q

Give the respiratory muscles

A

Inspiration:

  1. M. serratus dorsalis cranialis
  2. M. intercostalis externus
  3. Mm. levator costarum
  4. M. rectus thoracicus
  5. M. scalenus
    • M. scalenus ventralis
    • M. scalenus medius
    • M. scalenus dorsais
  6. Diaphragma

Expiration:

  1. M. serratus dorsalis caudalis
  2. M. intercostalis internus
  3. M. transversus thoracis
  4. M. retractor costae ultimae
  5. M. subcostalis
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2
Q

M. serratus dorsalis cranialis

A
  • Origin:
    • Thoracolumbar fascia by a broad aponeurosis
    • Th 1-7 on processus spinosus
  • Insertion: Rib 2-10, proximal
  • Action:
    • Extends neck and raises head
    • Unilateral contraction draws head laterally
    • Inspiration
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3
Q

M. intercostalis externus

A
  • Origin and insertion:
    • Muscle fibers run caudoventrally (\)
    • From caudal border of one rib to cranial border of the next rib
  • Action: Inspiration
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4
Q

Mm. levator costarum

A
  • Origin: Th 1-2, processus transversus
  • Insertion: Rib, cranial border, near angulus costae (covered by m. erector spinae)
  • Action: Inspiration
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5
Q

M. rectus thoracicus

A
  • Origin: First rib
  • Insertion: Ventral ends of ribs 2-4
  • Action: Inspiration
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6
Q

M. scalenus

A

M. scalenus dorsalis:

  • Origin: Processus transversus of C4-C6
  • Insertion:
    • ​Dorsal muscular part: rib 1-4
    • Ventral muscular part: rib 1-9

M. scalenus medialis

  • Origin: Processus transversus of C6-C7
  • Insertion: Rib 1
  • Action:
    • ​Inspiration
    • Unilateral contraction: flexes nack laterally
    • Bilateral contraction: flexes neck ventrally
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7
Q

Diaphragma

A
  • Origin: Sternal, costal and lumbar part
  • Insertion: Centrum tendineum
  • Action: Inspiration
  • Layers: (from cranial to caudal)
    1. Pleura + fascua endothoracica
    2. Fascia transversa thoracis
    3. M. phrenicus
    4. Fasciae abdominalis transversus
    5. Peritoneum

M. phrenicus:

  • Origin: corona muscularis
    • ​Parts of corona muscularis:
      • ​Pars sternalis (from processus xyphoideus)
      • pars costalis (from rib 6-12)
      • Pars lumbalis (from Th12, L1-2)
        • Crus dexter (surrounds esophageus)
        • Crus sinister
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8
Q

M. serratus dorsalis caudalis

A
  • Origin: Caudal on superficial layer of fascia thoracolumbalis
  • Insertion: Rib 11-13, proximal
  • Action: Expiration
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9
Q

M. intercostalis internus

A
  • Origin and insertion:
    • Muscle fibers run cranioventrally (///)
    • From cranial border of one rib to caudal border of the previous rib
  • Action: Expiration
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10
Q

M. transversa thoracica

A
  • Origin: Inner surface of sternum
  • Insertion: 2-8th costal cartilages
  • Action: Expiration
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11
Q

M. retractor costae ultimae

A
  • Origin: L1-4, processus transversus
  • Insertion: Last rib, caudal border
  • Action: Expiration
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12
Q

M. subcostalis

A
  • Origin and insertion: Crossing medial surface of ribs 11-9 in a cranioventral direction (///), inside the thoracic cavity
  • Action: Expiration
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13
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

  1. Strucutres to mention
  2. Draw a thoracic vertebrae
A

Vertebra generalis:

  • Corpus vertebrae
  • Extremitas cranialis [=Caput vertebrae]
  • Extremitas caudalis [=Fossa vertebrae]
  • Crista ventralis
  • Arcus vertebrae
  • Pediculus arcus vertebrae
  • Lamina arcus vertebrae
  • Foramen vertebrale
  • Incisura vertebralis cranialis
  • Incisura vertebralis caudalis
  • Foramen intervertebrale
  • Processus spinosus
  • Processus transversus
  • Processus articularis cranialis
  • Processus articularis caudalis

Vertebra thoracica:

  • Fovea costalis cranialis (for part of capitis costae​)
  • Fovea costalis caudalis (for part of capitis costae)
  • Fovea costalis processus transversi (for tuberculim costae)
  • Processus mamillaris (between proc. transversus and proc. articularis)
  • Processus accessorius (between proc. articularis caudalis and proc. transversus)
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14
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

Give the nuber of thoracic vertebrae in different species

A
  • Ca: 13 (12-14)
  • Ru: 13
  • Sus: 14 or 15
  • Eq: 18
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15
Q

Junctions

Which junctions should be mentioned?

A
  • Short ligaments - connecting adjacent vertebrae
  • Long ligaments - passing over several vertebrae
  • Art. costovertebrails
    • ​Art. capitis costae
    • Art. costotransversaria
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16
Q

Junctions

General features about the junctions in thoracic vertebrae

A
  • The mobility decrease, compared to cervical vertebrae
    • Smaller articular suface
    • Smaller joint capsule
    • Articular surface change positon
17
Q

Junctions

Give the ligaments in the thoracic portion of the spinal cord

A

Short ligaments connecting adjacent vertebrae:

  1. Ligg. flava
    • Interarcuate ligaments
    • Elastic sheets
    • Connect the arches, covering the interarcuate space
  2. Ligg. interspinalia
    • Interspinous ligaments
    • Connect the spinous processes, fill interspinous space
    • Eq: Elastic in the cervical potion of the vertebral column
    • Ca: Ligaments replaced with muscles
    • Ru: All have elastic elements
  3. Ligg. intertransversaria
    • Intertransverse ligaments
    • Connect the transverse processes

Long ligaments passing over several vertebrae

  1. Lig. longitudinale dorsale
    • ​Inside the vertebral canal, on the floor
    • Attached to dorsal surface of of corpus vertebrae and discus intervertebralis
    • Dens of axis → sacrum (ca: caudal vertebrae)
  2. Lig. nuchae (Ø fe, sus)
    • ​Axis (ca) → sacrum (as lig. supraspinale)
    • Eq, ru: consists of two parts:
      • Funiculus nuchae
        • ​Ca: proc. spinosus of axis
        • Eq, ru: squamous occipital bone
      • Lamina nuchae (ø ca)
  3. (Lig. longitudinale ventrale)
18
Q

Juctions

Art. costovertebralis

A
  • Composed of two articulations, with separate joint capsule:
    1. Art. capitis costae
      • Speroid joint
      • Convex articular surface of caput costae → adjacent vertebrae (ø 1ts rib, articulate with C7)
    2. Art. costotransversaria
      • Amphiarthrosis
      • Flat articular surface of tuberculum costae → fovea costalis processus transversi of the thoracic vertebrae of the same serial number

Strucutres of art. capitis costae

  • Capsula articularis
  • Lig. capitis costae radiatum (capitis costae → corpus vertebrae)
  • Lig. capitis costae intraarticulare (crista capitis costae → dorsal vertebrae)
    • ​Lig. intercapitale (capitis costae → capitis costae)

Structures of art. costotransversaria

  • Capsula articularis
  • Lig. costotransversarium (collum costae → proc. transversus)
  • Lig. lumbocostale (last rib → proc. transversus of L1)
19
Q

Ribs

Give the number of ribs in different species

A
  • Sternal:asternal
  • Eq: 18 (8:10)
  • Ru: 13 (8:5)
  • Ca: 13 (9:4)
  • Sus: 14-15 (7:7/8)
20
Q

Ribs

Structures to metion

A
  • Costae verae [=sternales]
  • Costae spuriae [=asternales]
    • Costae fluctuantes
  • Cartilago costalis (articulates with sternum)
  • Os costale (bony part, proximal part)
    • Caput costae (articulate with two vertebral bodies)
    • Facies articularis capitis costae (concave)
      • cranialis et caudalis
    • Crista capitis costae
    • Collum costae
    • Corpus costae
    • Tuberculum costae (articulates with proc. transversus of ribs)
    • Facies articularis tuberculi costae
    • Angulus costae
  • Tuberculum m. scaleni ventralis
  • Tuberositas m. longissimi
  • Tuberositas m. iliocostalis
  • Sulcus costae (for intercostal vessels and nerves)
  • Sulcus muscularis
  • Genu costae
  • Spatia intercostalia (space between ribs)
  • Art. sternocostalis
    • True/sternal ribs (joined directly to the sternum, cranial ribs)
    • False/asternal ribs (no direct junction with the sternal ribs, their cartilages unite with one another → form arcus costalis → attaches to sternum)
      • More curved
      • “Respiratory ribs”
  • Costochondral junction (distal extrimity with rib cartilage)
    • Amphiarthroses (ru, sus)
    • Symphysis
21
Q

Sternum

  1. Structures to mention
  2. Draw the sternum
A
  • Manubrium sterni
  • Corpus sterni
  • Crista sterni
  • Sternebrae
  • Processus xiphoideus
  • Cartilago xiphoidea
  • Incisurae costales
22
Q

Sternum

Give the number of sternebrae in different species

A
  • Eq: 5
  • Ru: 5
  • Ca: 6
  • Sus: 4
23
Q

Sternum

Give the ligaments and the name of the articulation in sternum

A
  • Name: ariculatio sternocostales
  • Ligaments:
    1. Lig sterni (ø ca)
      • Inserts on the xiphoid cartilage
    2. Membrana sterni
      • Binds sternebrae together on the outside of sternum

Structures:

  • Capsula articulation
  • Ligg. sternocostalia radiata (cart. costalis → sternum)
  • Lig. sterni (eq, bo)
  • Membrana sterni (bo, su) (ligamentous tissue on the ventral surface of the sternum)
  • Lig. costoxiphoidea (last costa vera → processus xiphoideus)
24
Q

Interspecies

Summary from the topic

Anatomy 3 final (practical and oral part) (128 decks)

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