Practical topic 19 Flashcards
n. ischiadicus, n. gluteus cranialis, n. gluteus caudalis, dorsal, caudal and deep muscles of the buttock
Give the dorsal muscles of the buttock
- M. Gluteus superficialis
- M. Gluteus medius
- M. Piriformis
- M. Gluteus profundus
M. Gluteus superficialis
Origin:
- Sacrum
- First caudal vertebrae
- Partly from sacrotuberous ligament (deep gluteal fascia also from spina iliaca cranialis dorsalis)
Insertion: Tuberositas glutea (ca) (below trochanter major).
Action: In carnivores: Extends the hip joint
Innervation: N. gluteus caudalis
Blood supply:
- A. circumflexa femoris lateralis
- A. glutea caudalis
M. Gluteus medius
Origin: In carnivores:
- Crista iliaca
- Facies glutea of Os iliaca
Insertion: Trochanter major of femur.
Action: Strongest extensor of hip joint.
Innervation: N. gluteus cranialis
Blood supply:
- A. circumflexa femoris lateralis
- A. iliolumbalis
- A. glutea cranialis
- A. glutea caudalis
M. Piriformis
Origin: Last sacral and first caudal vertebrae.
Insertion: Trochanter major of femur.
Action: Extension of hip joint.
Innervation: N. gluteus cranialis
Blood supply: A. glutea cranialis
M. Gluteus profundus
Origin:
- Facies glutea of os iliaca
- Corpus of os iliaca
Insertion: Trochanter major of femur.
Action:
- Extension and abduction of hip joint.
- Pronates the pelvic limb
Innervation: N. gluteus cranialis
Blood supply: A. glutea cranialis
Give the caudal muscles of the buttock
- M. Biceps femoris
- M. Abductor cruris caudalis
- M. semitendinosus
- M. semimembranosus
M. Biceps femoris
Origin:
- Cranial part on sacrotuberous ligament
- Caudal part on tuber ischiadicum
Insertion:
- Fascial lata and crural fascial to:
- Patella
- Patellar ligament
- Tuberosita tibialis
- Crista tibia
- Tuber calcanei by an accessory tendon.
Action:
- Extends hip and hock.
- Cranial part extends
- Caudal part flexes stifle
Innervation:
- Pars cranialis:
- N. gluteus caudalis
- Pars caudalis:
- N. tibialis
Blood supply:
- A. glutea caudalis
- A. caudalis femoris distalis
M. Abductor cruris caudalis
Origin: Distal part of sacrotuberous ligament.
Insertion:
- Disappears in crural fascia on lateral side.
- It runs first medial, then lateral to m. Biceps femoris.
Action:
- Abducts hind limb
- Flexes stifle
Innervation: N. tibialis
Blood supply:
- A. glutea caudalis
- A. caudalis femoris distalis
M. Semitendinosus
Origin: Tuber ischiadicum
Insertion:
- Crista tibia (medially)
- Tuber calcanei of an accessory tendon
Action:
- Extends hip
- Flexes stifle
- Extends hock
- Draws limb backwards and inwards when the foot is of the ground.
Innervation:
- N. gluteus caudalis
- N. cutaneus femoris caudalis
Blood supply:
- A. glutea caudalis
- A. caudalis femoris distalis
M. Semimembranossus
Origin: Tuber ischiadicum, ventral aspect
Insertion:
- Cranial belly:
- Distally on labium medialis
- Medial condyle of femur
- Caudal belly:
- Medial condyle of tibia (behind medial collateral ligament)
Action:
- Extends hip
- Flexes stifle joint
Innervation: N. gluteus caudalis
Blood supply:
- A. gluteus caudalis
- aa. femoris media et distalis
Give the deep muscles of the buttock
- M. Obturatorius internus
- M. Obturatorius externus
- M. Gemelli
- M. Quadratus femoris
M. Obturatorius internus
Origin:
- Inner surface of pelvis around foramen obturatum
- From regions of ramus cranialis et caudalis ossis pubis, ramus ossis ischii and tabula ossis ischii.
Insertion:
- After crossing lesser sciatic notch it will attach in fossa trochanterica of femur.
- Its tendon runs over the muscle belly of m. Gemelli.
Action: Lateral rotation (supination) of hind limb.
Innervation:
- N. Obturatorius
- N. ischiadicus
Blood supply: A. glutea caudalis
M. Obturatorius externus
Origin: Outer surface of pelvis, around foramen obturatum.
Insertion: Fossa trochanterica of femur.
Action:
- Lateral rotation (supination) of hind limb.
- Extends the hip joint.
Innervation: N. obturatorius
Blood supply: A. glutea caudalis
M. Gemelli
Origin:
- Lateral side on corpus ossis ischii (ventral to lesser sciatic notch - incisura ischiadica minor).
- Spina ishiadica
Insertion: Fossa trochanterica of femur.
Action: Lateral rotation (supination) of hind limb at the hip joint.
Innervation: N. ischiadicus
Blood supply: A. glutea caudalis
M. Quadratus femoris
Origin: Tabula ossis ischii, ventral surface (medial to tuber ischiadium).
Insertion: Fossa trochanterica of femur.
Action:
- Lateral rotation (supination) of hind limb
- Extension of hip joint.
Innervation: N. obturatorius
Blood supply: A. glutea caudalis
Give the branches of truncus lumbosacralis
- N. ischiadicus
- N. cutaneus surealis caudalis
- N. surealis caudalis
- Common fibular and tibial nerve
- N. gluteus cranialis
- N. gluteus caudalis
Where does the n. ischiadicus originate from?
L6, L7, S1 and S2
- Between which muscles does n. ischiadicus pass?
Between m. gluteus medius and m. gluteus profundus
Give the branches of n. ischiadicus
It has 3 caudal branches:
- N. cutaneus surae lateralis
- N. surealis caudalis
- Divide into common fibular and tibial nerves
- (Fibular nerve divides into superficial and deep
Which muscles does n. gluteus cranialis innervate
- M. gluteus medius
- M. gluteus profundus
On which muscle does n. gluteus cranialis lie?
Lies on m. gluteus profundus and gives off small branches
Which muscles does n. gluteus caudalis innervate?
M. gluteus superficialis
Lateral, cat

- M. biceps femoris
- N. ischiadicus
- Branch of n. ischiadicus
- N. fibularis (peroneus) communis
- To cranial muscles of the crus
- N. tibialis
- To caudal muscles of the crus
- M. gastrocnemius
- Reflected
- Branch of n. tibialis
- To caudal muscles of the crus
Caudal view

- M. biceps femoris
- M. semitendinosus
- N. ischiadicus
- A. glutea caudalis
- Trochanter major
- Branches of n. ischiadicus
- Innervating hamstring muscles
- N. fubularis (perineus) communis
- To cranial muscles of the crus
- N. tibialis
- To caudal muscles of the crus
- N. cutaneus surae caudalis
- Branch of n. tibialis
- m. tensor fasciae latae
- m. quadriceps femoris
- m. semimembranosus
- m. gastrocnemius, caput lateralis