Practical topic 11

Question 1

What is the two main parts of m. sternocleidomastoideus

Answer 1

m. Sternocephalicus & m. Brachiocephalicus

Question 2

M. sternocephalicus

Answer 2

Origin: Mandubrium sterni

Insertion:

• M. sternomastoideus: mastoid part of temporal bone.
• M. sternooccipitalis : crista nuca of occipital bone.

Action:

• Unilateral contraction: draws head and neck to one side (latero-ventral flexion).
• Bilateral contraction: draws head down.

Question 3

which muscles does m. brachiocephalicus consists of?

Answer 3

• M. cleidobrachilais
  
  • The part that interacts with the brachilais in form of humerus.
• M. cleidocephalicus
  
  • Runs from the clavicular intersection to the head.
  • Has two parts:
    
    • M. cleidocervicalis
    • M. cleidomastoideus

Question 4

M. brachiocephalicus → m. cleidobrachialis

Answer 4

Origin: distal cranial surface of humerus and crista humeri.

Insertion: calvicular intersection.

Action:

• If forelimb is fixed:
  
  • Unilateral contraction of the muscle moves head into lateral direction.
  • Bilateral contraction fixes head and neck (or bends downward.
• If limb is free:
  
  • Move forelimb cranially.

Question 5

M. brachiocephalicus → m. cleidocephalicus

Answer 5

Origin: calvicular intersection.

Insertion:

• M. cleidomastoideus: mastoid part of temporal bone.
• M. cleidocervicalis: dorasl midline (raphe cervicis) over cranial half of neck.

Action:

• If forelimb is fixed:
  
  • Unilateral contraction of the muscle moves head into lateral direction.
  • Bilateral contraction fixes head and neck (or bends downward.
• If limb is free:
  
  • Move forelimb cranially.

Question 6

M. Omotransversarius

Answer 6

Origin: Distal part of spina scapula, then runs under m. sternocleidomastoideus.

Insertion: Caudal border of ala atlantis on atlas.

Action:

• If limb is free: draws shoulder cranially.
• If limb is fixed: flexes neck laterally.

Question 7

Lc. cervicale superficiale

Answer 7

• Usually consists of two ocal, flat nodes (may be 1-4)
• Quite large
• Lie cranial to the supraspinatus muscle on the lateral surface of the neck, covered by skin and fascia and by muscles:
• Trapezius, omotransversarius and brachiocephalic muscles
• Transect the m. omotransversarius through its middle, located cranially to the scapula