B21 - Spleen, omenta, blood supply and innervation Flashcards
1
Q
Spleen
Structures to mention on the spleen
A
- Lien (Abdominal lymphatic organ incorporated into the circulatory system
- Fascies parietalis [diaphragmatica] (Convex lateral surface, facing diaphragm (ru, eq) and left-cranial abdominal wall)
-
Fascies visceralis (Concave medial surface, contains hilus)
- Fascies renalis (ø ru) (Dorsal part of fascies visceralis, facing left kidney)
- Fascies gastrica (Cranial part of fascies visceralis, facing the stomach, ru: entire fascies visceralis)
- Fascies intestinalis (ø ru) (Caudal part of fascies visceralis, faces jejunum and colon)
- Extremitas dorsalis
- Extremitas ventralis
- Margo cranialis
- Margo caudalis
- Hilus lienalis (Car, sus: longitudinal ridge, ru: round depression, at fascies visceralis for entrance of nerves and arteries, exit of veins and lymphatic vessels)
- Tunica serosa (Peritoneal layer covering the spleen, except for hilus lienalis and fascies visceralis (ru))
- Capsula (Consists of collage, elastic and smooth muscle fibers)
- Trabeculae lienalis (Cords of collagen, elastic and smooth muscle fibers which leaves the capsule. Contains arteries, veins, nerves and lymph vessels)
- Pulpa lienalis ruba (Red pulp. System of sinuses, filled with blood cells)
- Pulpa lienalis alba (White plup. Cell-rich lymphatic tissue which surrounds the initial segments of the intraparenchymatous rami lienalis arteriae lienalis, forming periparietal lymphatic sheaths of larger lymphonoduli)
- Rami lienalis [a. lienalis] (Branch of a. lienalis, enter capsule and trabeculae)
- Lymphonoduli [Noduli lyphatici] lienalis (Accumulation of lymphatic tisse, surrounds the intraparenchymatous rami lienalis arteriae lienalis locally)
- Lien accessorius (sus) (Small island of additional splenic tissue, in lig. gastrolienalie)
2
Q
Spleen
Location
A
- Left cranial part of the abdomen, joined to curvatura major of the stomach by inclusion within omentum major
- Lies against the left abdominal wall
- Position can not be defined exactly since it is dependent on the degree of filling of the stomach and on its own blood content
3
Q
Spleen
Interspecies differences
A
- Fascies visceralis:
- Fascies renalis (ø ru)
- Fascies intestinalis (ø ru)
- Hilus lienalis:
- Car, sus, eq: longitudinal ridge, marked by splenic vessels and nerves, and attachment of lig. gastrolienalis
- Ru: round depression
- Capsula:
- Ca: capsule and trabeculae are very muscular
- Ru: less muscular than in dog
- Shape:
- Ca: dumbell shaped
- Sus: tongue-shaped
- Ru: broader oblong
- Eq: falciform, comma shaped
4
Q
Spleen
Function
A
- Blood storage
- Storage of iron
- Production of erytrocytes in young animals
- Destruction of worn out erythrocytes
- Production of lymphocytes in adults
5
Q
Spleen
Hilus lienalis
A
- On fascies visceralis
- Car, sus, eq: longitudinal ridge
- Ru: round depression
- Entrance for:
- Nerves
- A. lienalis
- Exit for:
- V. lienalis
- Lymphatic vessels
6
Q
Spleen
Ligaments of the spleen
A
-
Lig. gastroepiploicum
- Spleen → stomach
- Part of omentum minus
-
Lig. phrenicosplenicum (ru, eq)
- Fascies parietalis of spleen → diaphragm
-
Lig. lienorenale (eq)
- Spleen → left kidney
- Intestine can become trapped → colic
7
Q
Spleen
Draw a cross-section of the spleen
A
8
Q
Spleen
Blood supply
A
- A. coeliaca → a. lienalis
- V. lienalis → vena portae (blood from spleen to liver)
- Ru: blood vesses pass undivided through hilus
- Eq, sus: blood vesses run the length of the spleen detatching branches at intervals
- Ca: blood vesses divide as they approach the spleen into branches
9
Q
Spleen
Innervation
A
- Sympathetic and parasympathetic
- N. vagus → plexus coeliaca → plexus lienalis
10
Q
Omenta
Location
A
Serosal sheet associated with the GI-tract in the abdominal cavity, and partly in the pelvic cavity
11
Q
Omenta
Function
A
- Produce and absorb abdominal fluids
- Lymphatic and phagocytotic
- Storage of fat
- Large number of blood vesses in the omentum major may play a role in the regulation of blood pressure in the abdominal cavity
12
Q
Omenta
Give the type of mesentery and their blood supply at the different divisions of the GI-tract
A
13
Q
Omenta
Omentum major
A
- Serous fold
- Superficial and deep layer
- Enclose the space called bursa omentalis
- For. epiploicum → bursa omentalis
- Bursa omentalis is connection between omentum major and omentum minor
- Left lobe of the pancreas is located between the two folds
- Enclose the space called bursa omentalis
- Attaches to curvatura major of the stomach
14
Q
Omenta
Omenta minor
A
- Serosal sheet
- Passes from curvatura minor of the stomach and cranial part of duodenum → fascies visceralis of the liver
- Ligaments from omentum minor:
- Lig. hepatoduodenale (Liver → pars cranialis duodeni)
- Lig. hepatogastricum (Liver → curvatura minor of the stomach)
15
Q
Omentum
Bursa omentalis
A
- Cavity in the abdomen
- Formed by omentum major and omentum minor
- Entrance:
-
For. epiploicum
- Bordered by:
- Ventral from vena cava caudalis
- Dorsal from vena portae
- Processus caudatus of the liver
- Bordered by:
-
Vestibulum bursa omentalis
-
Bordered ventrally by omentum minor
- Left wall is formed by lig. gastrophrenicus whis is connected to omentum minor
- To the right, bounded by omentum minor, pancreas, vena cava caudalis and vena porta
-
Bordered ventrally by omentum minor
-
Auditus recessus caudale?
- Above curvatura minor
- Entrance of recessus caudalis
-
Recessus caudalis
- Space between paries superficialis and omentum major, pars profunda)
-
For. epiploicum