A26 - Abdominal, pelvic and hindlimb lymph nodes

Question 1

Give the lymph centers

Answer 1

1. Lc. lumbales
2. Lc. celiacum
3. Lc. mesenterica cranialis
4. Lc. mesenterica caudalis
5. Lc. coeliacum (Ru)
6. Lc. sacroiliacum
7. Lc. inguinale profunda
8. Lc. inguinale superficialis
9. Lc. ishiadicum (ø Ca)
10. Lc. popliteus

Question 2

Lc. lumbales

Answer 2

1. Lnn. lumbales aortici
   
   • ​Aorta abdominalis
2. Lnn. lumbales
   
   • ​Aa. lumbales
3. Ln. renalis
   
   • ​​A. renalis

• Drains the roof to the abdomen
• Flow towards the cisterna chyli

Question 3

Lc. celiacum

Answer 3

1. Ln. celiacus
   
   • ​A. celiaca
2. Ln. lienalis
   
   • ​A. lienalis
3. Ln. gastricus
   
   • ​A. gastrica / curvatura minor
   • Ru:
     
     • Ln. ruminalis
     • Ln. reticularis
     • Ln. omasi
     • Ln. abomasi
4. Ln. hepaticus
   
   • ​A. hepatica
5. Ln. pancreaticoduodenalis
   
   • ​A. pancreatoduodenalis cranialis
6. Ln. omentalis (eq)
   
   • Curvatura major ​of stomach

• Consists of lymph nodes located within the region supplied by a. celiaca
• Efferent vessels form celiac lymphatic trunk → cisterna chyli

Question 4

Lc. mesenterica craniale

Answer 4

1. Ln. mesentericalis cranialis
   
   • ​A. mesenterica cranialis
2. Ln. jejunalis
   
   • ​A./Tr. jejunale
3. Ln. iliocolicus
   
   • ​A. iliocolica
4. Ln. caecalis
   
   • ​​A. caecalis

Efferent vessels form tr. mesentericalis cranialis → cisterna chyli

Question 5

Lc. mesenterica caudalis

Answer 5

1. Ln. colicus
   
   1. ​Ca: r. colicus / a. colica sin/dext/med
   2. Eq: a. colica venrealis/dorsalis
2. Lnn. rectalis
   
   1. ​A. rectalis cranialis
3. Ln. mesentericus caudale
   
   1. ​A. mesenterica caudalis

• Receive lymph from the descending colon
• Efferent vessels form tr. mesentericus caudalis → cisterna chyli

Question 6

Lc. coeliacum

Answer 6

Ru:

1. Ln. ruminalis cranialis
   
   • ​Caudal limit of atrium
2. Ln. ruminalis sinistra
   
   • ​Sulcus longitudinale sinistra
3. Ln. ruminalis dextra
   
   • ​​Sulcus longitudinale dextra
4. Ln. reticularis
   
   • ​Curvatura minor of reticulum
5. Ln. omentalis
   
   • ​​Curvatura minor of omasum
6. Ln. abomasialis ventralis
   
   • ​Curvatura major of abomasum
7. Ln. abomasialis dorsalis
   
   • ​​Curvatura minor of abomasum

Question 7

Lc. sacroilium

Answer 7

1. Ln. iliacus medialis
   
   • ​A. iliaca lateralis
2. Ln. iliacus lateralis (ø ca)
   
   • A. circumflexa iliaca profunda
3. Ln. sacralis
   
   • ​A. sacralis mediana
4. Ln. hypogastricus
   
   • ​A. iliaca interna
5. Ln. anorectalis (ø ca)
   
   • A. rectalis media
   • A. rectalis caudalis

• Located against the roof of the caudal part of the abdomen and within the pelvic cavity
• The nodes are primary filtration center for adjacent structures, and secondary stages of drainage of the hindlimb and reproductive and other pelvic organs
• Flow towards the ln. iliaus medialis which gives origin of the lumbar trunks
• Lumbar trunks:
  
  • ​Efferent vesses from the ln. iliacus medialis
  • Form a plexus on the abdominal roof

Question 8

Lc. inguinale profundum

Answer 8

1. Ln. inguinale profundum
   
   1. ​A. profunda femoris
2. Ln. femoralis
   
   1. ​A. caudalis femoris medii

• Comprises nodes along the a. iliaca externa or a. femoralis
• Drains of the thigh
• Passes lymph from ln. popliteus → lc. sacroilium

Question 9

Lc. inguinale superficiale

Answer 9

1. Ln. inguinalis superficialis (a. pudenda externa, between a. epigastrica caudalis superficialis)
   
   • ​Female: Ln. mammarius (r. labialis ventralis)
   • Male: Ln. scrotalis (r. scrotalis ventralis)
2. Ln. coxalis (eq, ru)
   
   • Tuber coxae
3. Ln. coxalis accessorius (ru)
   
   • Between m. tensor fascia latae and m. sartorius
4. Ln. subiliacus (ø ca)
5. Ln. fossae paralumbalis
   
   • ​Fossa paralumbalis

Question 10

Lc. ishiadicum

Answer 10

Ø Ca

1. Ln. glutealis
   
   • ​M. gluteus profunda
   • M. gluteus medialis
2. Ln. ishiadicus​
   
   • ​N. ischiadicus
3. Ln. tuberalis
   
   • ​​Tuber ischiadicum

• Collects lymph from the muscles and skin of the rump and proximal thigh
• Outflow is sent to lc. sacrolilum

Question 11

Lc. popliteus

Answer 11

1. Ln. popliteus superficialis (ca, su)
   
   • Between m. biceps femoris and m. semitendinosus
2. Ln popliteus profundus (ø ca)
   
   • ​V. saphena lateralis

Consists of nodes placed within fossa poplitea, caudal to the stifle

Question 12

General about lymphatic vessels

Answer 12

• Arteries/veins → interstitial fluid space → lymphatic capillaries → lymph vessels → lymph ducts → v. jugularis / v. cava cranialis
• Proteins pass throught the capillary walls of arteries and veins into the interstitial fluid space, and then taken up by blind-ending lymphatic capillaries
• Lymphatic capillaries form plexuses within most body tissues, from which larger lymph vessels take their origin
• Lymph vessels opens into v. jugularis or v. cava cranialis
• Lymph vessels are interrupted by lymph nodes
• Ø CNS
• Ø valves in lymph capillaries
• Valves in lymph vessels
  
  • ​More valves than veins
  • Thinner walls than veins
• Afferent lymph vessels: capillary region → lymph node
• Efferent lymph vessels: leave the lymph node

Lymph centers:

• Car, ru: fewer, but induvidually large lymph nodes
• Su, eq: larger number of small lymph nodes

Question 13

Draw the main lymphatic vessels

Answer 13

Question 14

Draw the division of lymph nodes

Answer 14