B19 - The unilocular stomach, the stomach of ruminants, blood supply and innervation

Question 1

The unilocular stomach

1. Structures to mention
2. Draw the unilocular stomach of ca, eq and sus

Answer 1

• Facies parietalis (Faces abdominal wall and liver)
• Facies visceralis (Faces intestines)
• Curvatura ventriculi major
• Curvatura ventriculi minor
  
  • Incisura angularis (Notch on curvatura minor between corpus venriculi and pars pylorica)
• Glandulae cardiacae
• Glandulae gastricae propriae
• Glandulae pyloricae
• Pars nonglandularis
• Pars cardiaca (Region around the esophageal opening)
  
  • M. sphincter cardiae
• Incisura cardiaca (Between esophagus and fundus)
• Fundus ventriculi (Blind sac on the left of the cardiac part. Lined by gastric glands (ø su - cardiac glands, ø eq - non-glandular))
  
  • Saccus caecus ventriculi (eq) (Blind sac)
  • Diverticulum ventriculi (su) (Flattened conical pouch of the fundus, projects caudally and to the right and is lined by cardiac glands)
  • Margo plicatus (su, eq)
• Corpus ventriculi (Between fundus and pars pylorica)
  
  • Sulcus ventriculi (Extends along the inside of curvatura minor from the cardiac orifice to the pylorus)
  • Plicae gastricae
• Pars pylorica (Between incisura angularis and pylorus)
  
  • Antrum pyloricum (First, wider portion of pars pylorica)
  • Canalis pyloricus (Second, short, narrow segment of pars pylorica, just before the pylorius)
• Pylorus (Distal constriction of the stomach containing the sphincter)
  
  • Ostium pyloricum (Opening between the stomach → duodenum
  • Torus pyloricus (su, Ru) (Protuberance in the pylorus formed by the circular muscle at the end of curvatura minor)
  • M. sphincter pylori

Question 2

The unilocular stomach

Give the suspension

Answer 2

• Omentum major (Curvatura major → colon transversum)​
• Omentum minor (Curvatura minor → liver)
• Bursa omentalis (Recessus caudalis & vestibulum omentale)
• For. epiploicum (Connection between omentum minor → omentum major)
  
  • Borders of the foramen:
    
    • Proc. caudatus of the liver
    • Vena porta
    • Vena cava caudalis

Question 3

The unilocular stomach

Give the interspecies differences

Answer 3

• Fundus ventriculi:
  
  • Saccus caecus ventriculi (eq)
  • Diverticulum ventriculi (sus)
  • Margo plicatus (sus, eq)
• Pylorus:
  
  • Torus pyloricus (sus, ru)

Question 4

The stomach of ruminants

Give the main division of the proventriculus

Answer 4

• Rumen
• Reticulum
• Omasum
• Abomasum

Question 5

The stomach of ruminants

Structures to mention in rumen

Answer 5

• Rumen (Largest compartment of the ruminant stomach)
• Facies parietalis (Facing the body wall to the left and ventrally)
• Facies visceralis (Facing the intestines, to the right)
• Curvatura dorsalis
• Curvatura ventralis
• Extremitas cranialis (Adjacent to reticulum)
• Extremitas caudalis (Blind sac)
• Atrium ruminis [Saccus cranialis] (Between reticulum and saccus ventralis)
• Saccus dorsalis (Dorsal to the longitudinal grooves)
  
  • Saccus caecus caudodorsalis (Caudodorsal blind sac)
• Saccus ventralis (Ventral to the longitudinal groove)
• Recessus ruminis (Cranial end of the ventral sac)
• Saccus caecus caudoventralis (Caudoventrall blind sac)
• Sulcus cranialis (Between atrium and recessus ruminus)
• Sulcus caudalis (Separates the caudodorsal from the caudoventral blind sac)
• Sulcus longitudinalis dexter
• Sulcus accessorius dexter (Dorsal to the sulcus longitudinalis dexter)
• Insula ruminis (Island of rumen, enclosed by the right longitudinal and accessory grooves)
• Sulcus longitudinalis sinister
• Sulcus accessorius sinister
• Sulcus coronarius dorsalis (Limits the caudodorsal blind sac)
• Sulcus coronarius ventralis (Limits the caudoventral blind sac)
• Pila cranialis (Muscular fold projecting into the cavity of the rumen between atrium and recessus ruminis)
• Pila caudalis (Between the caudodorsal and caudoventral blind sac)
• Pila longitudinalis dextra
• Pila accessoria dextra
• Pila longitudinalis sinistra
• Pila accessoria sinistra
• Pila coronaria dorsalis (Limits the caudodorsal blind sac)
• Pila coronaria ventralis (Limits the caudoventral blind sac)
• Ostium intraruminale (Opening between the dorsal and ventral sacs, bounded by the cranial, caudal, and longitudinal pillars)
• Sulcus ruminoreticularis
• Plica ruminoreticularis
• Ostium ruminoreticulare (Opening between rumen and reticulum)
• Papillae ruminis

Question 6

The stomach of ruminants

Structures to mention in reticulum

Answer 6

• Reticulum (Most cranial compartments of the ruminant stomach)
• Facies diaphragmatica (Contact with diaphragm)
• Facies visceralis (Surface towards rumen)
• Sulcus reticuli (Extends from the cardiac orifice to the reticulo-omasal orifice along the inside of curvatura minor)
• Labium dextrum
• Labium sinistrum
• Ostium reticuloomasicum (Opening from the reticulum → omasum)
• Cellulae reticuli
• Cristae reticuli
• Papillae reticuli

Question 7

The stomach of ruminants

Structures to mention in omasum

Answer 7

• Sulcus omasi (Extends from ostium reticuloomasicum → ostium omasobomasicum)
• Canalis omasi (Formed by the sulcus and the free border of the laminae omasi)
• Pila omasi (Transverse muscular pilar at the abdomasal end of the sulcus omasi)
• Sulcus omasoabomasicus (Exterior groove between omasum → abomasum)
• Ostium omasoabomasicum
• Laminae omasi (Flat parallel fold of mucous membrane extending from the curvatura towards the sulcus omasi)
• Papillae omasi

Question 8

The stomach of ruminants

Structures to mention in abomasum

Answer 8

• Abomasum (Glandular part of ruminal stomach)
• Facies parietalis (Fascing abdomianl wall)
• Facies visceralis (Facing rumen)
• Curvatura major
• Curvatura minor
• Fundus abomasi (Dilation cranial and to the left of the ostium omasoabdomasum)
• Corpus abomasi
  
  • Plicae spirales abomasi (Large mucosal folds in the fundus and corpus)
• Glandulae cardiacae
• Glandulae gastricae propriae
• Glandulae pyloricae (Found in pars pylorica)
• Sulcus abomasi (Groove between mucosal fold along the inside of curvatura minor)
• Pars pylorica
  
  • M. sphincter pylori

Question 9

The stomach of ruminants

Draw the stomach

Answer 9

Question 10

Give the composition of the stomach wall

Answer 10

1. External peritoneum
2. 3 layers of smooth muscles:
   
   1. ​External oblique fibers
   2. Circular muscle layer
   3. Inernal oblique fibers
3. Thin submucosa
4. Plexiform muscularis mucosae
5. Mucosa proper (gastic glands)

Question 11

Blood supply

1. List the blood vessels in dog and ruminants
2. Draw the blood supply in dog and ruminants

Answer 11

Dog:

• A. coeliaca
  
  • ​A. gastrica sinistra (→ stomach, curvatura minor)
  • A. lienalis (→ spleen)
    
    • ​A. gastroepiploica sinistra
  • A. hepatica
    
    • ​Aa. hepaticae
      
      • ​A. gastroduodenalis (→ stomach, duodenum)
        
        • ​A. gastrica dextra
        • A. gastroepiploica dextra
        • A. pancreatoduodenalis cranialis

Ruminants:

• A. coeliaca
  
  • ​A. gastrica sinistra (→ omasum & abomasum
    
    • ​A. gastroepiploica sinistra (anastamoses with a. gastroepiploica dextra)
  • A. lienalis
    
    • ​A. ruminalis dextra (runs caudally in the right longitudinal groove, anastomoses with a. ruminalis sinistra)
  • A. hepatica
    
    • ​Aa. hepaticae
      
      • ​A. gastroduodenalis
        
        • ​A. gastrica dextra (→ omasum)
        • A. gastroepiploica dextra (anasotmoses with a. ruminalis dextra)
        • A. pancreatoduodenalis
  • A. ruminalis sinistra (Follows the cranial groove between the antum and ventral sac
    
    • ​A. reticularis (→ reticulum)
• Veins runs parallel to the areries and join the v. portae

Question 12

Innervation

Answer 12

Ruminant:

• From truncus vagosympatheticus (along with esophageus)
  
  • Tr. vagalis dorsalis (→ rumen & branches to reticulum)
  • Tr. vagalis ventralis (→ abomasum & branches to omasum)