C30 - Vagina, female urethra, blood supply and innervation Flashcards
1
Q
Structures to mention
A
Vagina:
- Fornix vaginae (Cranial blind pouch of vagina, surrounding the portio vaginalis cervicis)
- Hymen (Fold of mucosa just cranial to the transverse plane of the urethral orifice)
- Ostium vaginae (Opening of the vagina into vestibulum vaginae)
Vestibulum vaginae:
- Bulbus vestibuli (eq, ca) (Cavernous tissue in the lateral wall of the vestibule)
- Diverticulum suburethrale (su, Ru) (Blind sac ventral to the urethra and opening into the urethral orifice)
- Tuberculum urethrale (ca) (Elevation bearing the urethral orifice)
Vulva:
- Labium vulvae (Lip of vulva)
- Rima vulvae (Pudendal fissure between right and left labia. External urogenital opening)
Clitoris:
- Crus clitoridis (Right and left crura are attached to arcus ischadicus and join corpus clitoris)
- Corpus clitoridis (Composed of the fused corpora cavernosa)
-
Glans clitoridis (Best developed in ca and eq)
- Sinus clitoridis (eq)
- Frenulum clitoridis (ca, eq)
- Preputium clitoridis (Prepuce of clitoris)
- Fossa clitoridis (eq, ca) (Preputial cavity)
- Corpus cavernosum clitoridis (Right and left corpus cavernosus are fused to form corpus clitoridis)
- Corpus spongiosum glandis (ca, eq) (Continuous with the pars intermedia bulborum)
Urethra feminina:
- Ostium urethrae externum
- Crista urethralis (Dorsal longitudinal mucosal ridge extending from the junction of the plica uretericae caudally to the middle of the urethra)
Muscles:
-
M. bulbospongiosus (Divided into 2 parts in female)
- M. constrictor vestibuli
- M. constrictor vulvae (In labium. O: spf. part of m. sphincter ani externus)
- M. ischocavernosus (O: Arcus ischiadicus. Rudimentary in female)
2
Q
Interspecies differences
A
Vestibulum vaginae:
- Bulbus vestibuli (eq, ca)
- Diverticulum suburethrale (su, ru)
- Tuberculum urethrale (ca)
Clitoris:
- Glans clitoridis
- Sinus clitoridis (eq)
- Frenulum clitoridis (ca, eq)
- Fossa clitoridis (eq, ca)
- Corpus spongiosum glandis (eq, ca)
- Corpus cavernosum clitoridis
- Ca: most of the erectile tissue is replaced by fat
- Fe: contains a cartilga corresponding to os penis
- Un: mostly fibrous
3
Q
Vagina
Location
A
- Located in a median position within the pelvic cavity
- Dorsal: rectum
- Ventral: bladder
- Mostly retroperitoneal, but the cranial parts are covered by peritoneum
- From cervix uteri to vestibulum vaginae (or hymen)
- Extends from ostium uteri externum to ostium urethrae externum
4
Q
Vagina
What is the junction between the vagina and vestibulum vagina called?
A
Ostium vaginae
At the leves of the ostium urethrae externum
5
Q
Vagina
Which structures can be found in the vagina?
A
-
Fornix vaginae
- Cranial blind pouch of the vagina
- Surrounding the portio vaginalis cervicis
-
Hymen
- Transverse fold
- Cranial to ostium urethrae externum
- Most prominant in horse and pig
-
Ostium vaginae
- Opening of the vagina into the vestibulum vaginae
- It is marked by the hymen
6
Q
Vagina
Draw the vagina
A
7
Q
Vestibulum vaginae
Location
A
- Lies behind arcus ischiadicus
- Extends from ostium urethrae externum to the vulva
- Combines reproductive and urinary functions
8
Q
Vestibulum vaginae
Which structures can be foun in the vestibulum vaginae?
A
-
Bulbus vestibuli (eq, ca)
- Cavernous tissue in the lateral wall of the vestibule
-
Diverticulum suburethrale (su, ru)
- Ventral evagination
- Opens together with urethra into the vagina (can complicate catherisation of the urinary bladder)
-
Tuberculum urethrale (ca)
- An elevation bearing ostium urethrae externum
9
Q
Vestibulum
Wall
A
- The wall of the vestibule containt vesibular glands
- Keeps the muscosa of the vesibule moist and facilitates parurition
-
Minor vestibular glands (all species)
- Small, but numerous
- In the ventral and lateral wall
-
Large glandular mass (ru, fe)
- Drains by 1 duct, present on each side of the vestibule
- Ducts open on the lateral wall of the vestiuble
10
Q
Vulva
Which structures can be found on the vulva?
A
-
Labium vulvae
- 2 labia that meet at dorsal and ventral commissures
- Surrounding the vertical vulvar opening
- Dorsal commissure: rounded
- Ventral commissure: pointed
- Eq: oppossite (dorsal: pointed, ventral: rounded)
-
Rima vulvae
- Pudendal fissure between right and left labia
- External urogenital opening
11
Q
Clitoris
Which structures can be found in the clitoris?
A
- The clitoris is analogous with the penis
- Can be divided into 2 parts:
- Corpus clitoridis
-
Glans clitoridis
- Eq: Sinus clitoridis invade the glans clitoridis
-
Crus clitoridis
- Right and left crura are attached to arcus ischiadicus
- Join corpus clitoridis
-
Corpus clitoridis
- Composed of fused corpora cavernosa
-
Glans clitoridis
- Best developed in ca and eq
- Sinus clitoridis (eq)
-
Frenulum clitoridis (ca, eq)
- Median dorsal attachment of glans to vestibular wall of preputium
-
Preputium clitoridis
- Prepuce of the clitoris
-
Fossa clitoridis (eq, ca)
- Preputial cavity
- The clitoris lies within fossa clitoridis
- Equivalent to the prepuce of the males
- Covered by mucosal folds
-
Corpus cavernosum clitoridis
- Right and left corpus cavernosum are fused to form corpus clitoridis
- Ca: most of the erectile tissue is replaced by fat
- Fe: contains a cartilga corresponding to os penis
- Un: mostly fibrous
-
Corpus spongiosum glandis (ca, eq)
- Continous with pars intermedia bulborum
12
Q
Urethra feminia
A
- Extends caudally on the pelvic floor, ventral to the reproductive tract
- Begins at the cervix vesicae
- Passes through the wall of the vagina and opens with the ostium urethrae externum
- Between the junction . between vagina and vestibulum vaginae
- Ru, su: urethralis muscles encloses diverticulum suburethrale, which opens together with the urethra into the vagina
- Muscular coat of the urethra is continues with that of the urinary bladder
- Outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscles
- Inner circular layer of smooth muscles
Structures:
- Ostium urethrae externum
-
Crista urethralis
- Dorsal longitudinal mucosal ridge extending from the junction of the plica uretericae caudally to the middle of the urethra
13
Q
Blood supply
A
-
A. iliaca interna
-
A. pudenda interna
-
A. perinealis ventralis
- R. labialis dorsi
-
__A. clitoridis
- A. profunda clitoridis
- A. dorsalis clitoridis
- A. bulbi vestibuli
- A. vaginalis
-
A. perinealis ventralis
-
A. pudenda interna
-
A. iliaca externa (riktig branching?, kommer a. profunda femoris etter eller er det feil?)
-
Tr. pudendoepigastricus
-
A. pudenda externa
- A. labialis ventralis
-
A. pudenda externa
-
Tr. pudendoepigastricus
14
Q
Innervation
A
- Autonomic and volunatry
-
Parasympathetic:
- Sacral outflow and reches genital tract via pelvic nerves
-
Sympathetic:
-
Ggl. mesentericuc caudale and plexus
- Hypogastric nerves
- Pelvic plexus
-
Ggl. mesentericuc caudale and plexus
- Plexus uterovaginalis
- Nn. vaginalis
- Motor & sensory innervation:
-
Sacral plexus
-
N. pudenda
- N. rectalis caudalis
-
N. pudenda
-
Sacral plexus