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Anatomy 3 final (practical and oral part) > A16 - Stifle joint and its muscles > Flashcards

A16 - Stifle joint and its muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Stifle joint, art. genus

General features

A
  • Divided in two, even though it is considered a single joint due to the co-ordinated movements of the two joint parts:
    • Art. femoropatellaris
      • ​Diarthrosis
      • Art. simplex (two bones)
      • Sledge joint (monoaxial)
    • Art. femorotibialis
      • ​Diarthrosis
      • Art. duplex (additional cartilage)
      • Condylar joint (diaxial)
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2
Q

Stifle joint, art. genus

Give the ligaments

A

Extracapsular ligaments:

  • Retinaculum patellae (1)
    • From fascia lata and aponeurosis of muscle
    • Covers stifle
  • Lig. patellae (2)
    • Continuation of m. quadriceps femoris tendon, the patella is a sesamoid bone in the tendon before patellar ligament inserts on tuberosita tibia
  • Lig. collaterale laterale (3)
    • From epicondylus lateralis of femur → caput fibularis
    • A lesser part to condylus lateralis of tibia
    • Underneath there is the tendon of m. popliteus
  • Lig. collaterale mediale (4)
    • Epicondylus medialis of femur → distal part of condylus medialis of tibia
    • Also attaches to meniscus medialis

Capsular ligaments:

  • Lig. femoropatellare laterale (5)
    • Lateral sesamoid bone →
      • Patella
      • Epicondylus lateralis of femur
    • Reinforcement of join’t capsule
  • Lig. femoropatellare mediale (6)
    • Medial sesamoid bone →
      • ​**Patella
      • Epicondylus lateralis of femur
    • Reinforcement of join’t capsule
  • Lig. popliteum obliquum (23)
    • Reinforcement in caudal wall of joint capsule

Intracapsular ligaments:

  • Lig. transversum genus (15)
    • Connects cranial angles of the two meniscus
  • Ligg. meniscotibiales (cran/caud ends of both meniscus → tibia
    • ​Lig. craniale menisci laterale (16)
      • Area intercondylaris cranialis lateralis
    • Lig. craniale menisci mediale (17)
      • ​Area intercondylaris cranialis medialis
    • Lig. caudale menisci laterale (18)
      • incisura poplitea
    • Lig. caudale menisci mediale (19)
      • ​Area intercondylaris cuadalis
  • Lig. cruticatum craniale (20)
    • Condylus lateralis of femur →Area intercondylaris caudalis of tibia
  • Lig. cruticatum caudale (21)
    • Condylus medialis of femur →
      • Area intercondylaris caudalis of tibia
      • Incisura poplitea of tibia
  • Lig. meniscofemorale (22)
    • ​Condylus medialis of femur → meniscus lateralis, caudal end

Synovial, protecting and fibrocartilaginous structure of stifle joint:

  • Corpus adiposum infrapatellare (7)
    • ​Fatty tissue
    • Under lig. patellare
  • Bursa infrapatellaris (8)
    • ​Under lig. patellare at tuberositas tibiae
  • Recessus suprapatellaris (9)
    • ​Behind and above patella
  • Recessus subextensorius (10)
    • ​Around tendon of m. extensor digitorum longus
  • Recessus subpopliteus (11)
    • ​Around tendon of m. popliteus
  • Meniscus medialis (12)
    • ​Fibrocartilage between femur and tibia
  • Meniscus lateralis (13)
    • ​Fibrocartilage between femur and tibia
  • Fibrocartilago parapatellaris (14)
    • Around patalla, on both sides
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3
Q

Stifle joint, art. genus

Interspecies differences

A
  • Lig. transversum genus (ø eq, bo)
  • Lig. patellae mediale (eq, bo) (1)
  • Lig. patellae intermedium (eq, bo) (2)
  • Lig. patellae laterale (eq, bo) (3)
  • Trochlea ossis femoris
    • Tuberculum trochlea ossis femoris (eq) (4)
  • Cavities of the joint capsule (eq)
    • Femorotibial joint has separated medial, lateral cavities (which forms proximal, sacs)
    • Medial femorotibial joint communicates with femoropatellar joint cavity
  • Lig. cruciatum craniale (eq)
    • Condylus lateralis of femur → area inercondylaris centralis of tibia
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4
Q

Which muscles should be mentioned in the topic?

A

Stifle extensors:

  1. M. quadriceps femoris
  2. M. tensor fasciae latae
  3. M. sartorius, pars cranialis
  4. M. biceps femoris
  5. M. extensor digitorum longus

Stifle flexors:

  1. M. biceps femoris
  2. M. abductor cruris caudalis (ø eq, bo)
  3. M. semitendinosus
  4. M. semimembranosus
  5. M. sartorius, pars caudalis
  6. M. gracilis
  7. M. popliteus
  8. M. flexor digitorum superficialis
  9. M. gastrocnemius
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5
Q

Name the stifle extensors (ca)

A
  1. M. quadriceps femoris
  2. M. tensor fasciae latae
  3. M. sartorius, pars cranialis
  4. M. biceps femoris
  5. M. extensor digitorum longus
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6
Q

M. quadriceps femoris

A
  • 4 heads of origin), fused distally
  • Origin:
    • ​M. rectus femoris: corpus ossis ili (area m. recti femoris medialis et lateralis)
    • ​M. vastus lateralis: proxiomal, craniolateral of femur
    • M. vastus medialis: proximal, craniomedial of femur
    • M. vastus intermedius: proximal, cranial of femur
  • Insertion: Patella, and by means of patellar ligament on tuberositas tibiae
  • Action:
    • ​Strongest exensor of the stifle joint
    • M. rectus femoris: also flexes hip
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7
Q

M. tensor fasciae latae

A
  • Origin:
    • Tuber coxae
      • ​Spina iliaca ventralis cranialis
      • Spina alaris
  • Insertion:
    • ​Radiates into fascia lata and fascia cruris
    • Superficial fascial layer covers thigh
    • Deep fascial layer surrounds m. quadriceps femoris and attaches to femur
  • Action:
    • ​Tenses fascia lata
    • Flexes hip
    • Extends stifle
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8
Q

M. sartorius, pars cranialis

A
  • Origin:
    • ​Crista iliaca
    • Spina iliaca cranialis ventralis
    • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Insertion:
    • ​Radiating into fascia lata and crural fascia
    • Pars cranialis: above stifle joint
    • Pars caudalis: below stifle joint, medially reaches crista tibia
  • Action:
    • ​Flexes hip
    • Pars cranialis: extends stifle
    • Pars caudalis: flexes stifle
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9
Q

M. biceps femoris

A
  • Origin:
    • Pars cranialis: lig. sacrotuberale
    • Caudal part: tuber ischiadicum
  • Insertion:
    • ​By means of fascia lata and crural fascia to:
      • Patella
      • Patellar ligament
      • Tuberositas tibiae
      • Crista tibiae
      • Tuber calcanei by tendo accessorius
  • Action:
    • ​Extends hip and hock
    • Cranial part extends stifle
    • Caudal part flexes stifle
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10
Q

M. extensor digitorum longus

A
  • Origin: fossa extensoria on condylus lateralis of femur
  • Insertion: processus extensorius of Ph3 of digit II-V
  • Action:
    • ​Extends stifle and joints of digits
    • Flexes tarsus
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11
Q

Name the stifle flexors (ca)

A
  1. M. biceps femoris
  2. M. abductor cruris caudalis (ø eq, bo)
  3. M. semitendinosus
  4. M. semimembranosus
  5. M. sartorius, pars caudalis
  6. M. gracilis
  7. M. popliteus
  8. M. flexor digitorum superficialis
  9. M. gastrocnemius
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12
Q

M. abductor cruris caudalis

A

Ø eq, bo

  • Origin: distal part of lig. sacrotuberale
  • Insertion: disappears in crural fascia on lateral side (it runs first medial, then lateral to m. biceps femoris)
  • Action:
    • ​Abducts hindlimb
    • Flexes stifle
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13
Q

M. semitendinosus

A
  • Origin: tuber ischiadicum
  • Insertion:
    • ​Crista tibiae (medially)
    • Tuber calcanei by means of tendo accessorius
  • Action:
    • ​Extends hip
    • Flexes stifle
    • Extends hock
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14
Q

M. semimembranosus

A
  • Origin: tuber ischiadicum, ventral aspect
  • Insertion:
    • ​Cranial belly: labium mediale and condylus medialis of femur
    • caudal belly: condylus medialis of tibia (behind lig. collaterale mediale)
  • Action:
    • ​Extends hip
    • Flexes stifle joint
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15
Q

M. sartorius, pars caudalis

A
  • Origin:
    • ​Crista iliaca
    • Spina iliaca cranialis ventralis
    • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Insertion:
    • Radiating into fascia lata and crural fascia
      • Pars cranialis: above stifle joint
    • Pars caudalis: below stifle joint, medially reaches tibia
  • Action:
    • ​Flexes hip
    • Pars cranialis: extends stifle
    • Pars caudalis: flexes stifle
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16
Q

M. gracilis

A
  • Origin: symphysis pelvis (by means of tendo symphysialis)
  • Insertion
    • ​Crista tibia, medially
    • Fascia cruris
    • Tuber calcanei by tendo accesorius to common calcaneal tendon
  • Action:
    • Adducts hindlimb
    • Extends hip
    • Flexes stifle
    • Extends tarsus
17
Q

M. popliteus

A
  • Origin: fossa m. poplitei on condylus lateralis of femur
    • There is a sesamoid bone in the tendon of origin
  • Insertion: i​t twists caudally under lig. collaterale laterale, then inserts caudally on proximal part of tibia, on linea m. poplitei
  • Action:
    • ​Flexes stifle
    • Rotates leg medially (pronates stifle)
18
Q

M. flexor digitorum superficialis

A
  • Origin: fossa supracondylaris of femur
    • Partly fused with m. gastrocnemius, caput lateralis
  • Insertion:
    • ​Its tendo plantaris turns from medial to lateral direction around common calcaneal tendon
      • On the surface of tuber calcanei it makes a cap (galea calcanea)
    • Attaches to Ph2 of digits II-V. on plantar surface
  • Action:
    • Flexes stifle
    • Extends hock
    • Flexes joint of digits II-V
19
Q

M. gastrocnemius

A
  • Origin: tuberosita supracondylaris medialis et lateralis of femur
    • Inside their heads – caput mediale and laterale – there are sesamoid bone
  • Insertion: tuber calcanei
  • Action:
    • ​Flexes stifle
    • Extends tarsus

Anatomy 3 final (practical and oral part) (128 decks)

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