Practical topic 29

Question 1

What is the action of the diaphragm?

Answer 1

• Inspiration
• Helps to increase abdominal pressure

Question 2

Give the layers of the diaphragm

Answer 2

• Pleura + fascia endothoracica
• M. phrenicus
• Fascia transversa abdominalis + peritoneum

Question 3

give the parts of m. phrenicus

Answer 3

• Have its muscular origin (corona muscularis) from different sites
  
  • Sternal part
  • Costal part
  • Lumbar part
  • Left crura
  • Right crura
• All these parts meet in centrum tendineum
  
  • ​Has an opening for vena cava caudalis = foramen venae cavae

Question 4

What is the cranialmost part of diaphragm’s curve?

Answer 4

Culpula diaphragmatica

Question 5

What is lumbal and costal part connected by?

Answer 5

Arcus lumbocostalis

Beside there is a triangular region where m. phrenicus is absent = Trigonum lumbocostale

Question 6

1. Where is crus dexter and crus sinister arising from?
2. What are they forming together?

Answer 6

1. 3-4^th lumbar vertebrae
2. ​Hiatus aorticus (opening for aorta)

Question 7

What surrounds the oesophagus?

Answer 7

Right crus = Hiatus oesophageus

It extends more ventrally compared to left crus

Question 8

Give the main odd branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 8

1. A. coeliaca
2. A. mesenterica cranialis
3. A. mesenterica caudalis

Question 9

A. coeliaca

1. What does it supply?
2. Give the branches

Answer 9

1. supplies:
   
   • Liver
   • Spleen
   • Pancreas
   • Cranial part of duodenum
2. Branches:
   
   • A. lienalis
     
     • Continues as a. gastroepiploica sinistra (left)
   • A. gastrica sinistra (anastomose with a. gastrica dextra (right))
     
     • R. oesophageus, Rr. gastrici
   • A. hepatica
     
     • A. gastrica dextra
     • A. gastroduodenalis
       
       • A. pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis
       • A. gastroepiploica dextra

Question 10

A. mesenterica cranialis

1. What does it supply?
2. Give the branches

Answer 10

1. Supplies most of the intestines
2. Branches:
   
   1. A. pancreaticoduodenalis caudalis
   2. Aa. jejunalis
   3. R. collateralis
   4. A. ilie
   5. A. ileocolica
      
      • R. colicus (colon ascendens)
      • A. caecalis (caecum)
      • R. ilei mesenterialis (ileum)
      • A. colica dextra (distal part of colon descendens)
      • A. colica media (two vessels to colon transversus)

Question 11

A. mesenterica caudalis

1. What does it supply?
2. Give the branches

Answer 11

1. Supplies abdominal parts of the alimentary canal. Terminal parts of the large intestines
2. Branches:
   
   1. A. colica sinistra
   2. A. rectalis cranialis (anastomoses with middle and caudal a. rectalis)

Question 12

Ggl. coeliaca

Answer 12

• Receives n. sphlanchnius major
• Lies on A. coeliaca

Question 13

Gg. mesentericum cranialie

Answer 13

• Receive n. sphlanchnius major
• Lies on a. mesenterica craniale

Question 14

Ggl. mesentericum caudalis

Answer 14

• Lie on a. mesenterica caudalis
• N. hypogastrica (left and right) run caudally, near the ureter in the mesocolon and enter pelvic canal

Question 15

Diaphragm, viewed from the abdomen with ventral at the top

Answer 15

1. Centrum tendineum
2. Pars costalis
3. Pars sternalis
4. Crus dexter (right)
5. Crus sinister (left)
6. Foramen venae cavae (with venae cavae)
7. Foramen venae cavae (with v. hepatica)
8. Hiatus oespohageus
9. Hiatus aorticus

• * Lig. falciforme