Practical topic 27

Question 1

Give the abdominal musculature

Answer 1

1. M. Obliquus externus abdominis
2. M. Obliquus internus abdominis
3. M. Transversus abdominis
4. M. Rectus abdominis

Question 2

M. Obliquus externus abdominis

Answer 2

Origin:

• Superficial layer of thoracolumbar fascia.
• Lateral aspect of ribs 4-12.

Insertion: Fibers run caudoventrally (\) to linea alba, caudally on pelvis it forms inguinal ligament, and create a medial and lateral crus around superficial inguinal ring.

Action:

• Maintaining abdominal pressure:
  
  • Urination, defecation, parturition)
• Protection of abdominal organs.

Question 3

M. Obliquus internus aboninis

Answer 3

Origin:

• Superficial layer of thoracolumbar fascia.
• Tuber coxae on pelvis.
• From ligamentum inguinale.

Insertion: Fibers run cranioventrally (///) to linea alba. At the preumbilical site it has an outer and inner layer which envelops m. Rectus abdominis.

Action:

• Maintaining abdominal pressure:
  
  • Urination, defecation, parituration.
• Protection of abdominal organs.

Question 4

M. Transversus abdominis

Answer 4

Origin:

• Deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia from processus transversus of all lumbar vertebrae.
• Medial surface of false ribs; lumbar nerves crossing on its outer surface.

Insertion: Fibers run transversely (|||) to linea alba.

Action:

• Maintaining abdominal pressure:
  
  • Urination, defection, parturition.
• Protection of abdominal organs.

Question 5

M. Rectus abdominis

Answer 5

Origin: Cranially from sternum.

Insertion: Pecten ossis pubis (one prepubic tendon, together with m. Pectineus).

Action:

• Maintaining abdominal pressure:
  
  • Urination, defecation, parturition.
• Protection of abdominal organs.

Question 6

Rectus sheath

Answer 6

1. Thoracic
   
   • EO - R - Thoracic wall
2. Preumbilical:
   
   • EO - R - IO - T - P
3. Umbilical
   
   • EO - IO - R - IO -T -P
4. Postumbilical
   
   • EO - IO - R - T
5. Prepubical
   
   • EO - IO - T - R

Question 7

Which nerves supplyes the abdomianl muscles?

Answer 7

• N. costoabdominalis (Th13)
• N. iliohypogastricus cranialis (L1)
• N. iliohypogastricus caudalis (L2)
• N. ilioinguinalis (L2-L3)

Question 8

Which nerves supplyes the m. obliquus internus abdominis

Answer 8

N. genitofemoralis (L3-L4)

Question 9

1. Which nerve is a cutaneous nerve of the abdominal wall?
2. What does it supply?

Answer 9

1. N. cutaneous femoris lateralis
2. M. psoas major

Question 10

Give the blood suppluy to the abdominal wall

Answer 10

• A. abdominalis cranialis
• A. epigastrica cranialis
• A. epigastrica caudalis
• A. circumflexa ilium profunda

Question 11

Answer 11

A. M. obliquus abdominalis externa

• Fibers run caudoventrally

B. M. obliquus abdominalis interna

• Fibers run cranioventrally

B2. Cut aboneurosis of the M. obliquus abdominalis interna

C. M. abdominis transversus

• Fibers run dorsoventrally

D. M. rectus abdominis

• Fibers run craniocaudally