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Anatomy 3 final (practical and oral part) > A9 - Shoulder and elbow joints, and their muscles > Flashcards

A9 - Shoulder and elbow joints, and their muscles Flashcards

Shoulder and elbow joint, and their muscles

1
Q

Shoulder joint (art. humeri)

A
  • Classification:
    • Synovial
      • ​Spheoid joint (multiaxial) (but functions as a hinge joint)
    • Articulatio simplex
  • ​Movement:
    • Eq, ru: only flexion - extension
    • Ca: also rotation, abduction - adduction
  • With cavum glenoidale → caput humeri
  • One joint capsule with 3 cranial and 2 caudal pouches
  • Labrum glenoidale
    • ​Ligg. glenohumeralia (eq, ca)
      • Thickened part of the capsule in:
        • Ca: medial and lateral walls
        • Eq: medial, lateral and cranial walls
    • Lig. coracohumerale (eq, ru)
      • Capsular ligament between scapula → humerus
  • No collateral ligament, instead:
    • M. infraspinatus (lateral)
    • M. subscapularis (medial)
  • Ca: part of the joint capsule surrounds tendon of m. biceps brachii and forms vagina synovialis intertubercularis
  • Eq, bo: bursa bicipitalis under tendon of m. biceps brachii
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2
Q

Shoulder joint (art. humeri)

List the flexors and extensors of the shoulder joint

A

Flexors of the shoulder (ca):

  1. ​M. deltoideus
    1. ​Pars acromialis
    2. Pars scapularis
  2. M. infraspinatus
  3. M. teres minor
  4. M. teres major
  5. M. triseps brachii, caput longum
  6. M. subscapularis

Extensors of the shoulder (ca)

  1. M. supraspinatus
  2. M. biceps brachii
  3. M. coracobrachialis
  4. M. subscapularis
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3
Q

Give the lateral shoulder muscles

A
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4
Q

M. supraspinatus

A
  • Origin: Fossa supraspinatus and the cranial border of the scapula
  • Insertion: T**uerculum major of the humerus
  • Action:
    • Extend shoulder joint
    • Stabilize shoulder joint
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5
Q

M. infraspinatus

A
  • Origin:
    • Fossa infraspinatus
    • Spina scapula
    • Margo caudalis scapulae
  • Insertion: Facies m. infraspinati of humerus
  • Action:
    • Flexes shoulder joint
    • Acts as a lateral collateral ligament for shoulder joint
    • Ca: Assists in supination and abduction of the humerus
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6
Q

M. deltoideus

A
  • In ca and ru it can be divided into:
    1. Pars acromialis
    2. Pars scapularis
  • Origin:
    • Pars scapularis: Caudal edge of spina scapulae
    • Pars acromialis: Acromium of the scapula
    • Eq, sus: Spina scapula (the two parts of the muscle are fused)
  • Insertion: The tuberosita deltoidea of humerus
  • Action: Flex shoulder joint
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7
Q

M. teres minor

A
  • Origin:
    • Tuberculum infraglenoidale
    • Distal part of margo caudalis scapulae
  • Insertion: Tuberculum teres minor of the humerus (laterally)
  • Action: Flexes shoulder joint
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8
Q

Give the medial shoulder muscles

A
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9
Q

M. subscapularis

A
  • Origin: F**ossa subscapularis
  • Insertion: Tuberculum minus of humerus
  • Action:
    • Extend shoulder joint (and helps with flexion)
    • Act as a collateral ligament
    • Adduct
    • Stabilize the shoulder joint
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10
Q

M. teres major

A
  • Origin:
    • Margo caudalis scapulae
    • Angulus caudalis scapulae
  • Insertion: Tuberculum teres major of the humerus (same as latissimus dorsi)
  • Action:
    • ​Flex the shoulder joint
    • Rotates the limb inwards (medially)
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11
Q

M. coracobrachialis

A
  • Origin: Processus coracoideus of the scapula
  • Insertion: Crista tuberculi minor of humerus
  • Action:
    • Extend shoulder joint
    • Adduct
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12
Q

M. articularis humeri

A

Eq, and sometimes Sus

  • Action: To tense the joint capsule
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13
Q

Give the other muscles that take part in the flexion/extension of the shoulder joint

A
  1. Lateral head of m. triceps brachii – Flexion
  2. M. latissimus dorsi - Flexion
  3. M. biceps brachii – Extension
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14
Q

Elbow joint (art. cubiti)

  1. Features
  2. Ligaments
  3. Draw art. cubiti
A
  • Hinge joint(monoaxial)
    • ​Flexion - extension
  • Composite joint
  • ​Between:
    • Humerus (condyle)
    • Radius (caput)
    • Ulna (incisura trochlearis)
  • ​Three joints:
    • Art. circumferentia → art. radio ulna
    • Art. humeroradialis
    • Art. humeroulnaris

​

  • Capsula articularis
    • ​Recessus cranialis
    • Recessus caudalis (large)
    • Epicondyles and olecranon is outside of the capsule

Ligaments:

  • Lig. collaterale cubiti mediale
    • ​E**picondylus medialis → radius (ca: and ulna)
  • Lig. collaterale cubiti laterale
    • Epicondylus lateralis → radius (ca, ru: and ulna)
  • Lig. olecrani (Ca)
    • Fossa olecrani of humerus → olecranon of ulna
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15
Q

Give the muscles of art. cubiti

A
  • Mainly situated around humerus
  • Origin: humerus and scapula
  • Insertion: proximally on radius/ulna
  • Action: mainly flexion/extension

Flexors of the elbow (ca):

  • M. biceps brachii
  • M. brachialis

Extensors of the elbow (ca):

  • M. triceps brachii
    • ​Caput longum
    • Caput laterale
    • Caput mediale
    • Caput accessorium (ø eq)
  • M. anconeus
  • M. tensor fasciae antebrachii
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16
Q

M. brachialis

A
  • Origin: Caudally on collum humeri (then it will twist laterally, then cranio-medially in sulcus m. brachialis towards antebrachium)
  • Insertion: (same as m. biceps brachii)
    • Tuberositas radii
    • Tuberositas ulnae (proc. coronoideus medialis)
  • Action: Flexes elbow joint
17
Q

M. biceps brachii

A
  • Origin: Tuberculum supraglenoidale
    • ​A retinaculum transversum fixes its tendon in the intertubercular groove (between tuberculum majus and minus)
  • Insertion: (same as m. brachialis)
    • Tuberositas radii
    • Tuberositas ulnae (proc. coronoideus medialis)
  • Action:
    • Extends the shoulder
    • Flexes the elbow joint
18
Q

M. anconeus

A
  • Origin:
    • Crista supracondylaris lateralis
    • L​**ateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus
  • Insertion: Laterally on olecranon
  • Action: Extends elbow joint
19
Q

M. tensor fascia antebrachii

A
  • Origin: Detatching from m. latissimus dorsi
  • Insertion:
    • Medially on tuber olecrani
    • In the antebrachial fascia
  • Action:
    • Extends elbow joint
    • Tense the antebrachial fascia
20
Q

M. triceps brachii, caput longum

A
  • Origin: M**argo caudalis scapulae, distal 2/3
  • Insertion:Tuber olecrani of the ulna
  • Action:
    • Flexes shoulder joint
      Extends elbow joint
21
Q

M. triceps brachii, caput mediale

A
  • Origin: The medial surface of the humerus
  • Insertion: Tuber olecrani (medial side)
  • Action: Extends elbow joint
22
Q

M. triceps brachii, caput laterale

A
  • Origin: Linea m. tricipitis of humerus
  • Insertion: Tuber olecrani (lateral side)
  • Action: Extends elbow joint
23
Q

M. triceps brachii, caput accessorium

A

Ø eq

  • Origin: Collum humeri (caudal)
  • Insertion: Tuber olecranii
  • Action: Extends elbow joint

Anatomy 3 final (practical and oral part) (128 decks)

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