A15 - Hip joint and its muscles

Question 1

Hip joint, art. coxae

1. General features
2. Ligaments
3. Draw the joint

Answer 1

• Art. simplex (two bones)
• Spheroid joint (multiaxial)
  
  • Ball-and-socket joint
  • Movement in three planes (restricted by the gluteal and thigh muscles):
    
    • Ung: During flexion femur is directed obliquely outwards (convexity of abdomen)
    • Ca: Extremely mobile, also for abduction
• Between facies lunata of acetabulum (os coxae) → caput femoris

Structures:

• Capsula articularis (joint capsule)
  
  • Lig. iliofremorale (Reinforecment in the cranial part of the capsule)
  • Lig. ischofemorale (car, sus) (reinforecement in the caudal part of the capsule)
  • Lig. pubofemorale (sus) (Reinforcement in the ventral part of the capsule)
• Labrum acetabulare (Fibrocartilaginous rim enlaging the acetabulum)
• Lig. capitis femoris (F**ossa acetabuli → fovea capitis ossis femoris)
• Lig. transversium acetabuli (Bridges incisura acetabuli)
• Lig. accessorium ossis femoris (eq) (prepubic tendon throug incisuara acetabuli → fovea capitis)

Question 2

List the muscles that should be included in the topic

Answer 2

Dorsal muscles of the hindlimb:

1. M. gluteus superficialis
2. M. gluteus medius
3. M. gluteus profundus
4. M. gluteus accessorius (Un)
5. M. caudofemoralis (fe)
6. M. piriformis (ca)
7. M. tensor fascia lata

Caudal hip muscles:

1. M. biceps femoris
   
   • ​Caput vertebrae
   • Caput pelvina
2. M. abductor cruris caudalis (car)
3. M. semitendinosus
4. M. semimembranosus

Medial hip muscles:

1. M. sartorius
   
   • ​Pars cranialis (ca)
   • Pars caudalis (ca)
2. M. gracilis
3. M. pectineus
4. M. adductor

deep hip muscles:

1. M. obturatorius internus (ca, eq)
2. M. obturatorius externus
3. M. quadratus femoris
4. M. gemelli
5. M. articularis coxae (ca, eq)

Question 3

Give the dorsal muscles of the hindlimb

Answer 3

• M. gluteus superficialis
• M. gluteus medius
• M. gluteus profundus
• M. gluteus accessorius (Un)
• M. caudofemoralis (fe)
• M. piriformis (ca)
• M. tensor fascia lata

Question 4

M. gluteus superficialis

Answer 4

• ​Bo, su: fused with m. biceps femoris forming m. gluteobiceps
• Eq: inserts on trochanter tertius
• Origin:
  
  • Sacrum
  • First caudal vertebrae
  • Partly from sacrotuberous ligament
  • Eq: tuber coxae and the gluteal fascia
• Insertion: TTuberosits glutea
  
  • Eq: Trochanter tertius
• Action:
  
  • Ca: Extension of hip
  • Other: Flex the hip and abduct and draw the limb forewards

Question 5

M. gluteus medius

Answer 5

• Origin:
  
  • ​Ca:
    
    • Crista iliaca
    • Facies glutea of Os iliaca
  • Other domestic mammals:
    
    • Sacrum
    • M. longimissimus lumborum
• Insertion: Trochanter major of femur (wiht m. piriformis)
• Action: Strongest extensor of hip joint

Question 6

M. gluteus profundus

Answer 6

• Origin:
  
  • Facies glutea of os iliaca
  • Corpus of os iliaca
• Insertion: Trochanter major
• Action: Extension of hip joint

Question 7

M. piriformis

Answer 7

Eq, bo, su: fused with m. gluteus medius

• Origin: Last sacral and first caudal vertebrae
• Insertion: Trochanter major (wih m. gluteus medius)
• Action: Extension of hip joint

Question 8

M. tensor fascia latae

Answer 8

• Origin: Tuber coxae
• Insertion: Lateral femoral fascia
• Action:
  
  • To tense the lateral femoral fascia
  • Flex hip
  • Extend stifle

Question 9

Give the caudal hip muscles

Answer 9

• M. biceps femoris
  
  • ​Caput vertebrae
  • Caput pelvina
• M. abductor cruris caudalis (car)
• M. semitendinosus
• M. semimembranosus

Question 10

M. biceps femoris

Answer 10

• Origin:
  
  • Cranial part: sacrotuberous ligament
  • Caudal part: tuber ischiadicum (with m. semitendinosus and m. semimembranosus)
• Insertion:
  
  • Fascial lata and crural fascial to:
    
    • Patella
    • Patellar ligament
    • Tuberosita tibialis
    • Crista tibia
    • Tuber calcanei by tendo accessorius
• Action:
  
  • Extends hip and hock
  • Cranial part extends
  • Caudal part flexes stifle

Question 11

M. abductor cruris caudalis

Answer 11

Car

• Origin: Distal part of sacrotuberous ligament
• Insertion: C**rural fascia on the lateral side
• Action:
  
  • Abduct hindlimb
  • Flex stifle

Question 12

M. semitendinosus

Answer 12

• Origin: Tuber ishiadicum (with m. semimembranosus and m. biceps femoris)
  
  • Eq, sus: Also from the spinous and transverse processes of the caudal vertebrae → vertebral head
• Insertion:
  
  • Crista tibia (medially)
  • Tuber calcanei of an tendo accessorius
• Action:
  
  • Extends hip
  • Flexes stifle
  • Extends hock

Question 13

M. semimembranosus

Answer 13

• Origin: Tuber ischiadicum, ventrally (with m. semitendinosus and m. biceps femoris)
• Insertion:
  
  • Cranial belly:
    
    • Distally on labium mediale of femur
    • Condylus medialis of femur
  • Caudal belly:
    
    • Condylus medialis of tibia (behind medial collateral ligament)
• Action:
  
  • Extends hip
  • Flexes stifle joint

Question 14

Give the medial muscles of the hindlimb

Answer 14

• M. sartorius
  
  • ​Pars cranialis (ca)
  • Pars caudalis (ca)
• M. gracilis
• M. pectineus
• M. adductor

Question 15

M. sartorius

Answer 15

Ca: pars cranialis et caudalis

• Origin:
  
  • Crista iliaca
  • Spina iliaca ventralis cranialis
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
• Insertion: Radiating into fascia lata and crural fascia
  
  • ​Pars cranialis: inserts above stifle joint
  • Pars caudalis: inserts below stifle joint
• Action:
  
  • Flexes hip
  • Extends or flexes stifle

Question 16

M. gracilis

Answer 16

• Origin: Symphysis pelvis (of tendo symphysialis) (together with m. adductor)
• Insertion:
  
  • Medially on crista tibia
  • Fascia cruris
  • Tuber calcanei by tendo accessorius
• Action:
  
  • Adducts hind limb
  • Extends hip
  • Flexes stifle
  • Extends tarsus

Question 17

M. pectineus

Answer 17

• Origin: Pecten ossis pubis and eminentia iliopubica
• Insertion: Labium mediale of femur
• Action: Adduction of thigh

Question 18

Mm. adductores

Answer 18

3 muscles, undivided in Un

• ​Origin:
  
  • M. adductor longus: ramus cranialis ossis pubis
  • M. adductor brevis et magnus:
    
    • Symphysis pelvis (tendo symphysialis)
    • Ramus caudalis ossis pubis
    • Ramus ossis ischi
• Insertion:
  
  • ​Facies aspera and l**abium laterale of femur
• Action:
  
  • Adducts hindlimb
  • Extends hip

Question 19

Give the deep muscles of the hindlimb

Answer 19

• M. obturatorius internus (ca, eq)
• M. obturatorius externus
• M. quadratus femoris
• M. gemelli
• M. articularis coxae (ca, eq)

Question 20

M. obuturator internus

Answer 20

Ca, eq

• Origin: The inner surface of the pelvis around for. obturatorium
• Insertion: Fossa trochanterica of femur
• Action: Lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb

Question 21

M. obturator externus

Answer 21

• Origin:
  
  • Outer surface of pelvis, around for. obturatum
  • Su, Ru: Even from corpus ilium and sacrum
• Insertion: Fossa trochanterica of femur
• Action:
  
  • Lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb

Question 22

M. gemelli

Answer 22

• Origin: Lateral side of on corpus ossis ischii
• Insertion: Fossa trochanterica of femur
• Action: Lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb

Question 23

M. quadratus femoris

Answer 23

• Origin: Tabula ossis ischii, ventral surface
• Insertion: Fossa trochanterica of femur
• Action:
  
  • Lateral rotation (supination) of hindlimb
  • Extension of hip joint

Question 24

M. articularis coxae

Answer 24

Ca, eq

• Action: Tense the joint capsule and act as receptor