C3 - Rhombencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

Define r**hombenchephalon

A

Hindbrain

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2
Q

What does the rhombenchephalon consists of?

A
  • Myencephalon (caudal, encloses caudal part of 4th ventricle)
    • Medulla oblongata
  • Metencephalon (rostral, above 4th ventricle)
    • Pons
    • Cerebellum
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3
Q

Draw rhombecephalon

A
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4
Q

Myencephalon

Structures to mention

A
  • 4th ventricle
    • Choroid plexus (in medullary velum)
  • Cranial nerves (VI through XII)
  • Trapezoid body
  • Dorsal nucleus of the trapezoid body
  • Pyramids
  • Nulceus olivaris
  • Nucleus gracilis
  • Medial cuneate nucleus
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5
Q

Myencephalon

  1. What is myencephalon composed of?
  2. What does myencephaleon enclose?
A
  1. It comprises the medulla oblongata
  2. Encloses:
    • Caudal part of the 4th ventricle
    • Caudal medullary velum dorsally
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6
Q

Myencephalon

Medulla oblongata

A
  • Continous with the spinal cord
  • Location: fossa medullae oblongata
  • Nuclei located in medulla oblongata:
    • Nuclei of cranial nerves VI → XII
    • Caudal part of nucleus of cranial nerve V
    • Corresponding parasympathetic nuclei
    • Nuclei of respiratory and circulatory center
      • Located close to 4th ventricle within the reticular formation
  • The ventral surface is divided into halves by the ventral median fissure
  • Pyramidal decussation
  • Trapezoid body: at the rostral end of the pyramids
  • Olivary eminence with the olivary nucleus: dorsolateral to the pyramides, at the caudal medulla oblongata
    • Role: controlling motor functions of the body
  • Functions:
    • Coordinating respiration and circulation
    • Reflexes:
      • Protection of eye
      • Coughing
      • Swallowing
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7
Q

Metencephalon

Structures to mention

A
  • Pons (bridge between mesencephalon and medulla oblongata)
    • N. trigemini
    • Pontine nuclei
    • Transverse pontine fibers
      • Middle cerebellar peduncle
    • 4th​ ventricle
      • Rostral medullary vellum

  • Cerebellum
    • Vermis & hemispheres cortex
      • Folium
      • sulcus
    • White matter
    • Cerebellar nuclei
    • Cerebellar peduncles
      • Rostral
      • Middle
      • Caudal
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8
Q

Metencephalon

What is the metencephalon composed of?

A
  1. Pons
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Tegmentum metencephali
  4. Velum medullare rostrale
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9
Q

Metencephalon

Pons

A
  • Bridge between medulla oblongata and mesencephalon
  • Ventral aspect:
    • Sulcus basilaris
      • Median groove, produced by right and left pyramidal tracts
    • Pedunculus cerebellaris medialis
      • Communication between pons and cerebellum
    • Tegmentum pontis / pars dorsalis pontis
      • Floor of 4th ventricle
  • Dorsal aspect:
    • Tegmentum ventriculi quarti
      • Roof of 4th ventricle
    • Obex
      • Unpaired, extends sulcus medianus to medulla oblongata
    • Velum medullare rostrale
      • Lamella of white matter between right and left pedunculus cerebellaris rostralis and lingua cerebelli
    • Velum medullare caudale
      • Lamina of white matter between right and left pedunculus cerebellaris caudalis, nodulus and tela chordea ventriculi IV
    • Tenia ventriculi quarti
  • The motor nucleus of cranial nerve V (n. trigemini) is located within the pons
  • Other nuclei in the pons are responsible for controlling motor funcitons of the body
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10
Q

Metencephalon

Cerebellum

A
  • Location: above the 4th ventricle
  • Connected to the brain stem by 3 peduncles on each side, separated form cerebral hemisphere by transveres fissura → membranous tentorium cerebelli
  • Grey matter: cortex
  • White matter: medulla
  • Cerebellum can be divided into:
    • Vermis
      • Lobus rostralis
      • Lobus caudalis
      • Lobus flocculonodularis
    • Lateral hemispheres

  • Pedunculus cerebellaris caudalis
    • Connects cerebellum to medulla
  • Pedunculus cerebellaris medialis
    • Afferent fibers from pontine nuclei
  • Pedunculus cerebellaris rostralis
    • Attached to midbrain (mesencephalon)
    • Afferent fibers
  • Function:
    • Balance
    • Coordination of skeletal muscles
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11
Q

4th ventricle

A
  • Openings of the central canal
  • Fluid-filled cavity
  • Fossa rhomboidea
    • Floor of 4th ventricle
  • Velum medullaris rostralis & caudalis
    • Thin medullary membranes that extend between fossa rhomboidea and cerebellum like a tent.
    • Together with cerebellum: roof over 4th ventricle
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12
Q

Tegmentum ventriculi quarti, dog

A

9: Recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti
20: Tegmen ventriculi quarti
21: Velum medullare caudale
22: Velum medullare rostrale
23: Frenulum veil medullaris rostralis
25: Obex
26: Tela choroidea ventriculi quarti
27: Apertura ventriculi quarti
28: Apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti

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