2.2: The phonological loop (PL) Flashcards
Phonological loop (PL)
The phonological loop (PL) is a component of the WMM that deals with auditory information
The phonological loop (PL) is a component of the WMM that deals with auditory information, so coding is what?
The phonological loop (PL) is a component of the WMM that deals with auditory information, so coding is acoustic
The phonological loop (PL) deals with what?
The phonological loop (PL) deals with:
- Auditory information
- The order of the information
The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like what?
The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred: 1. Before Or, 2. After each other
The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the what of the MSM?
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM
The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a what capacity?
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity
The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by what?
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds
The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds.
As the phonological loop (PL) is mainly an acoustic store, what occur with what?
As the phonological loop (PL) is mainly an acoustic store, confusions occur with similar sounding words
Who (what year) divided the phonological loop (PL) into what?
Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the:
- Primary acoustic store (PAS)
- Articulatory process (AP)
Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or what, does what?
- The primary acoustic store (PAS)
Or, - Inner ear
,stores words recently heard
Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard, while the articulatory process (AP), or what, does what?
The:
1. Primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard
,while
2. Articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information
Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard, while the articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information and is linked to what?
The:
1. Primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard
,while
2. Articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information and is linked to speech production
Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard, while the articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information and is linked to speech production.
The articulatory process (AP) allows what?
The articulatory process (AP) allows maintenance rehearsal
Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard, while the articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information and is linked to speech production.
The articulatory process (AP) allows maintenance rehearsal.
What is this?
This is repeating: 1. Sounds Or, 2. Words in a 'loop' to keep them in working memory while they are needed
Research:
Who (what year) reported a case study of who?
Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC
Research:
Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had what?
Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of his phonological loop (PL)
Research:
Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of his phonological loop (PL), but not his what?
Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of:
1. His phonological loop (PL)
,but
2. Not his visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)
Research:
Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of his phonological loop (PL), but not his visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS), suggesting what?
Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of:
1. His phonological loop (PL)
,but
2. Not his visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)
,suggesting that the phonological loop (PL) was a separate system
The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds.
If the word is what, it is what to remember?
If the word is polysyllabic (more than one syllable), it is harder to remember
The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds.
If the word is polysyllabic (more than one syllable), it is harder to remember.
This makes it hard to remember and store a list of what words such as what?
This makes it hard to remember and store a list of long words such as:
- ‘Association’
- ‘Representative’
The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds.
If the word is polysyllabic (more than one syllable), it is harder to remember.
This makes it hard to remember and store a list of long words such as ‘association’ and ‘representative,’ because what?
This makes it hard to remember and store a list of long words such as:
1. ‘Association’
2. ‘Representative’
,because rehearsal of the word takes longer than 2 seconds
Research:
Who (what year) reported on the word length effect
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect
Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where what?
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words
Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that what?
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words
Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words, rather than what?
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by:
1. How long it takes to say words
,rather than
2. The actual number of words
Evaluation:
What scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing what tasks?
PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing:
1. Verbal
2. Visual
tasks
Evaluation:
PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing verbal and visual tasks, which suggests what?
PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing verbal and visual tasks, which suggests that the:
1. Phonological loop (PL)
2. Visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)
are separate systems
Evaluation:
PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing verbal and visual tasks, which suggests that the phonological loop (PL) and the visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS) are separate systems, reflected in what?
PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing verbal and visual tasks, which suggests that the:
1. Phonological loop (PL)
2. Visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)
are separate systems, reflected in the biology of the brain
Evaluation:
The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with what?
The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language
Evaluation:
The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language, with the development of the slave system seen as producing what?
The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language, with the development of the slave system seen as producing a significant increase in the short-term ability to remember vocalisations
Evaluation:
The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language, with the development of the slave system seen as producing a significant increase in the short-term ability to remember vocalisations.
This then helped what?
This then helped the learning of more complex language abilities
Evaluation:
The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language, with the development of the slave system seen as producing a significant increase in the short-term ability to remember vocalisations.
This then helped the learning of more complex language abilities, such as what?
This then helped the learning of more complex language abilities, such as:
- Grammar
- Expressing meaning
Primary acoustic store (PAS)
The primary acoustic store (PAS) is a part of the phonological loop that stores words recently heard
Articulatory process (AP)
The articulatory process (AP) is a part of the phonological acoustic store that allows sub-vocal repetition of information within the store
The phonological loop (PL) contributes to our learning of what?
The phonological loop (PL) contributes to our learning of the sounds of language (phonology)
The phonological loop (PL) contributes to our learning of the sounds of language (phonology).
How does this happen?
It accesses LTM to:
1. Store
2. Retrieve
information about language sounds
The phonological loop (PL) contributes to our learning of the sounds of language (phonology).
It accesses LTM to store and retrieve information about language sounds.
This allows us to do what?
This allows us to develop our vocabulary:
- As children
- In a foreign language as adults
Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words, rather than the actual number of words.
The word length effect disappears if a person is given what?
The word length effect disappears if a person is given an articulatory suppression task
Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words, rather than the actual number of words.
The word length effect disappears if a person is given an articulatory suppression task.
What is this?
This is a repetitive task that ties up the articulatory process
Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words, rather than the actual number of words.
The word length effect disappears if a person is given an articulatory suppression task.
This is a repetitive task that ties up the articulatory process.
Example
For example: 1. Doing a task ,while 2. Saying 'la la la' means that your articulatory process is kept busy