2.1: Long-term memory (LTM) Flashcards
Long-term memory (LTM)
Long-term memory (LTM) is a permanent memory store holding limitless amounts of information for long periods
Long-term memory (LTM) is the potentially permanent memory store for information that has been what?
Long-term memory (LTM) is the potentially permanent memory store for information that has been rehearsed for a prolonged time
LTMs tend to be coded how?
LTMs tend to be coded semantically
LTMs tend to be coded semantically (in terms of what)?
LTMs tend to be coded semantically (in terms of meaning)
LTMs tend to be coded semantically.
Although this material is stored in LTM, when we want to recall it, it has to be transferred back into STM by what?
Although this material is stored in LTM, when we want to recall it, it has to be transferred back into STM by a process called retrieval
LTMs tend to be coded semantically.
Although this material is stored in LTM, when we want to recall it, it has to be transferred back into STM by a process called retrieval.
According to the multi-store model (MSM), this is true of what?
According to the multi-store model (MSM), this is true of all our memories
LTMs tend to be coded semantically.
Although this material is stored in LTM, when we want to recall it, it has to be transferred back into STM by a process called retrieval.
According to the multi-store model (MSM), this is true of all our memories.
None of them are what?
None of them are recalled directly from LTM
LTM involves storing information over lengthy periods of time, indeed for a whole lifetime, with information stored for longer than how long counting as LTM?
LTM involves storing information over lengthy periods of time, indeed for a whole lifetime, with information stored for longer than 30 seconds counting as LTM
LTM involves storing information over lengthy periods of time, indeed for a whole lifetime, with information stored for longer than 30 seconds counting as LTM.
All information within LTM will have originally done what?
All information within LTM will have originally passed through the:
- Sensory register
- Short-term memory
LTM involves storing information over lengthy periods of time, indeed for a whole lifetime, with information stored for longer than 30 seconds counting as LTM.
All information within LTM will have originally passed through the sensory register and the short-term memory, though may have undergone what during the process?
All information within LTM will have originally passed through the:
1. Sensory register
2. Short-term memory
,though may have undergone different forms of processing during the process
LTM involves storing information over lengthy periods of time, indeed for a whole lifetime, with information stored for longer than 30 seconds counting as LTM.
All information within LTM will have originally passed through the sensory register and the short-term memory, though may have undergone different forms of processing during the process.
Research indicates that there are several different types of LTM and LTMs are not of equal what?
Research indicates that there are several different types of LTM and LTMs are not of equal strength
LTM involves storing information over lengthy periods of time, indeed for a whole lifetime, with information stored for longer than 30 seconds counting as LTM.
All information within LTM will have originally passed through the sensory register and the short-term memory, though may have undergone different forms of processing during the process.
Research indicates that there are several different types of LTM and LTMs are not of equal strength.
Strong LTMs can be what?
Strong LTMs can be retrieved easily
LTM involves storing information over lengthy periods of time, indeed for a whole lifetime, with information stored for longer than 30 seconds counting as LTM.
All information within LTM will have originally passed through the sensory register and the short-term memory, though may have undergone different forms of processing during the process.
Research indicates that there are several different types of LTM and LTMs are not of equal strength.
Strong LTMs can be retrieved easily, like what?
Strong LTMs can be retrieved easily, like when your birthday is
LTM involves storing information over lengthy periods of time, indeed for a whole lifetime, with information stored for longer than 30 seconds counting as LTM.
All information within LTM will have originally passed through the sensory register and the short-term memory, though may have undergone different forms of processing during the process.
Research indicates that there are several different types of LTM and LTMs are not of equal strength.
Strong LTMs can be retrieved easily, like when your birthday is, but what LTMs may need what?
Strong LTMs can be retrieved easily, like when your birthday is, but weaker LTMs may need more prompting
LTMs are not what?
LTMs are not passive
LTMs are not passive (what)?
LTMs are not passive (unchanging)
LTMs are not passive (unchanging).
What does this mean?
This means that over time they may: 1. Change Or, 2. Merge with other LTMs
LTMs are not passive (unchanging).
This means that over time they may change or merge with other LTMs.
This is why memories aren’t necessarily what?
This is why memories aren’t necessarily:
1. Constant
Or,
2. Accurate
LTMs are not passive (unchanging).
This means that over time they may change or merge with other LTMs.
This is why memories aren’t necessarily constant or accurate.
There are several explanations for forgetting from LTM.
Research also indicates that the process of what is spread through what?
Research also indicates that the process of:
1. Shaping
2. Storing
LTMs is spread through multiple brain regions
Coding in the LTM:
Coding of information will be stronger (and thus the memory more what), the what?
Coding of information will be stronger (and thus the memory more retrievable), the deeper the processing
Coding in the LTM:
Coding of information will be stronger (and thus the memory more retrievable), the deeper the processing of a what?
Coding of information will be stronger (and thus the memory more retrievable), the deeper the processing of a stimulus that occurs while it is being experienced
Coding in the LTM:
Coding of information will be stronger (and thus the memory more retrievable), the deeper the processing of a stimulus that occurs while it is being experienced.
With what material, coding in LTM is mainly what?
With verbal material, coding in LTM is mainly semantic
Coding in the LTM:
Coding of information will be stronger (and thus the memory more retrievable), the deeper the processing of a stimulus that occurs while it is being experienced.
With verbal material, coding in LTM is mainly semantic (based on what)?
With verbal material, coding in LTM is mainly semantic (based on meaning)
Coding in the LTM:
Coding of information will be stronger (and thus the memory more retrievable), the deeper the processing of a stimulus that occurs while it is being experienced.
With verbal material, coding in LTM is mainly semantic (based on meaning), though coding occurs in other forms too, with research (for example who’s research when) indicating what?
With verbal material, coding in LTM is mainly semantic (based on meaning), though coding occurs in other forms too, with research (for example Baddeley’s research in 1966) indicating:
- A visual code
- An acoustic code