1.5: Stanley Milgram (1963)

Question 1

What was the aims of Milgram’s obedience study?

Answer 1

The aims of Milgram’s obedience study were to:

1. Test the ‘Germans are different’ hypothesis
2. See if individuals would obey the orders of an authority figure that incurred negative consequences and went against one’s moral code

Question 2

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that what?

Answer 2

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement

Question 3

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for what?

Answer 3

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of:

1. Memory
2. Learning

Question 4

When did Milgram’s obedience study take place?

Answer 4

Milgram’s obedience study took place in 1963

Question 5

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning where?

Answer 5

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of:
1. Memory
2. Learning
at the Yale University Psychology Department

Question 6

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
What type of sample was this?

Answer 6

This was a voluntary sample

Question 7

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by who?

Answer 7

They were met by a confederate experimenter

Question 8

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing what?

Answer 8

They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat

Question 9

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him what)?

Answer 9

They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority)

Question 10

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a what?

Answer 10

They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher

Question 11

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to who?

Answer 11

He introduced them to Mr Wallace

Question 12

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a what?

Answer 12

He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant

Question 13

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a what?

Answer 13

He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a:
1. Gentle
2. Harmless looking man
in his late 50s

Question 14

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned what?

Answer 14

The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning

Question 15

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a what or a what?

Answer 15

The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a:
1. ‘Teacher’
Or,
2. ‘Learner’

Question 16

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles what?

Answer 16

The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a:
1. 'Teacher'
Or,
2. 'Learner,'
with the roles determined randomly

Question 17

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was what?

Answer 17

In fact this was rigged

Question 18

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because what?

Answer 18

In fact this was rigged, because:

1. Mr Wallace was always the learner
2. The real participant was always the teacher

Question 19

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve what?

Answer 19

The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks

Question 20

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went where?

Answer 20

All 3 went into an adjoining room

Question 21

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter did what?

Answer 21

All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes

Question 22

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to do what?

Answer 22

The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room

Question 23

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with what?

Answer 23

This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level

Question 24

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was what?

Answer 24

The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock’

Question 25

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock how much higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts?

Answer 25

Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts

Question 26

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked what?

Answer 26

Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX’

Question 27

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was what?

Answer 27

After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was:

1. Real
2. Authentic

Question 28

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks what?

Answer 28

The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks:

1. Were real
2. Did work

Question 29

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of what tasks?

Answer 29

The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks

Question 30

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received what from the learner?

Answer 30

The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner

Question 31

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be what?

Answer 31

The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses

Question 32

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to do what each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong?

Answer 32

The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong

Question 33

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
His answers were given by him supposedly doing what?

Answer 33

Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator

Question 34

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, how many volts higher than the previous one?

Answer 34

With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one

Question 35

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one.
4. At 150 volts, the learner did what?

Answer 35

At 150 volts, the learner:

1. Began to protest
2. Demanded to be released

Question 36

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one.
4. At 150 volts, the learner began to protest and demanded to be released.
Before this, he had been quite what?

Answer 36

Before this, Mr Wallace had been quite willing to take part

Question 37

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one.
4. At 150 volts, the learner began to protest and demanded to be released.
Before this, Mr Wallace had been quite willing to take part.
These protests became more what, as he shouted that he could not stand the pain?

Answer 37

These protests became more insistent, as Mr Wallace shouted that he could not stand the pain

Question 38

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one.
4. At 150 volts, the learner began to protest and demanded to be released.
Before this, Mr Wallace had been quite willing to take part.
These protests became more insistent, as Mr Wallace shouted that he could not stand the pain and at 300 volts, Mr Wallace did what?

Answer 38

These protests became more insistent, as Mr Wallace shouted that he could not stand the pain and at 300 volts, Mr Wallace:

1. Refused to answer any more questions
2. Said he had heart problems that were starting to bother him

Question 39

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one.
4. At 150 volts, the learner began to protest and demanded to be released.
Before this, Mr Wallace had been quite willing to take part.
These protests became more insistent, as Mr Wallace shouted that he could not stand the pain and at 300 volts, Mr Wallace refused to answer any more questions and said he had heart problems that were starting to bother him.
At 315 volts, Mr Wallace did what?

Answer 39

At 315 volts, Mr Wallace screamed loudly

Question 40

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one.
4. At 150 volts, the learner began to protest and demanded to be released.
Before this, Mr Wallace had been quite willing to take part.
These protests became more insistent, as Mr Wallace shouted that he could not stand the pain and at 300 volts, Mr Wallace refused to answer any more questions and said he had heart problems that were starting to bother him.
At 315 volts, Mr Wallace screamed loudly and from 330 volts, he was what?

Answer 40

At 315 volts, Mr Wallace screamed loudly and from 330 volts, he was heard no more

Question 41

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one.
4. At 150 volts, the learner began to protest and demanded to be released.
Before this, Mr Wallace had been quite willing to take part.
These protests became more insistent, as Mr Wallace shouted that he could not stand the pain and at 300 volts, Mr Wallace refused to answer any more questions and said he had heart problems that were starting to bother him.
At 315 volts, Mr Wallace screamed loudly and from 330 volts, he was heard no more.
Anytime the teacher seemed reluctant to continue, he was encouraged to go on through a series of what?

Answer 41

Anytime the teacher seemed reluctant to continue, he was encouraged to go on through a series of verbal prods

Question 42

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one.
4. At 150 volts, the learner began to protest and demanded to be released.
Before this, Mr Wallace had been quite willing to take part.
These protests became more insistent, as Mr Wallace shouted that he could not stand the pain and at 300 volts, Mr Wallace refused to answer any more questions and said he had heart problems that were starting to bother him.
At 315 volts, Mr Wallace screamed loudly and from 330 volts, he was heard no more.
Anytime the teacher seemed reluctant to continue, he was encouraged to go on through a series of verbal prods.
If the teacher questioned the procedure, he was told that the shocks will not cause what?

Answer 42

If the teacher questioned the procedure, he was told that the shocks will not cause any lasting tissue damage

Question 43

The method and procedure of Milgram’s obedience study was that:
1. 40 American males aged 20 - 50 years responded to a newspaper advertisement to volunteer for a study of memory and learning at the Yale University Psychology Department.
They were met by a confederate experimenter, wearing a grey lab coat (to give him the appearance of authority), who was actually a biology teacher.
He introduced them to Mr Wallace, a confederate participant, who was a gentle, harmless looking man in his late 50s.
The participants were told that the experiment concerned the effects of punishment on learning and that they would be either a ‘teacher’ or a ‘learner,’ with the roles determined randomly.
In fact this was rigged, because Mr Wallace was always the learner and the real participant was always the teacher.
2. The experimenter explained that punishments would involve increasingly severe electric shocks.
All 3 went into an adjoining room, where the experimenter strapped a consenting Mr Wallace into a chair with his arms attached to electrodes.
The teacher was told to give shocks through a shock generator in the next room.
This generator had a row of switches each marked with a voltage level.
The first switch was labelled as ‘15 volts’ and the verbal description was ‘slight shock.’
Each switch gave a shock 15 volts higher than the one before, up to a maximum of 450 volts, marked ‘XXX.’
After the participants were showed the machine and how the shots were administered, they were given a real shock of 45 volts to convince them that everything was real and authentic.
The shock was minor enough to not harm the participants, so they believed that the electric shocks were real and did work.
3. The participants were told to read out a series of paired-associate word tasks, to which they received a series of pre-recorded verbal answers from the learner, with the real participant believing these to be genuine responses.
The teacher was told by the experimenter to give a shock each time Mr Wallace got an answer wrong.
Mr Wallace’s answers were given by him supposedly switching on one of 4 lights located above the shock generator.
With each successive mistake, the teacher gave the next highest shock, 15 volts higher than the previous one.
4. At 150 volts, the learner began to protest and demanded to be released.
Before this, Mr Wallace had been quite willing to take part.
These protests became more insistent, as Mr Wallace shouted that he could not stand the pain and at 300 volts, Mr Wallace refused to answer any more questions and said he had heart problems that were starting to bother him.
At 315 volts, Mr Wallace screamed loudly and from 330 volts, he was heard no more.
Anytime the teacher seemed reluctant to continue, he was encouraged to go on through a series of verbal prods.
If the teacher questioned the procedure, he was told that the shocks will not cause any lasting tissue damage and was also instructed to do what?

Answer 43

If the teacher questioned the procedure, he was:

1. Told that the shocks will not cause any lasting tissue damage
2. Also instructed to keep shocking Mr Wallace if he stopped answering

Question 44

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are what?

Answer 44

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are:

1. Quantitative results
2. Qualitative results

Question 45

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants doing what?

Answer 45

Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to the maximum 450 volts

Question 46

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit when?

Answer 46

Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on

Question 47

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on and was surprised by the high obedience rate.
However, it was found that all participants did what?

Answer 47

It was found that all participants shocked up to 300 volts

Question 48

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on and was surprised by the high obedience rate.
It was found that all participants shocked up to 300 volts and what % of participants shocked all the way up to the maximum 450 volts?

Answer 48

It was found that:

1. All participants shocked up to 300 volts
2. 65% of participants shocked all the way up to the maximum 450 volts

Question 49

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on and was surprised by the high obedience rate.
It was found that all participants shocked up to 300 volts and 65% of participants shocked all the way up to the maximum 450 volts.
Some psychologists have described those people as what?

Answer 49

Some psychologists have described those people as ‘sadistic’

Question 50

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on and was surprised by the high obedience rate.
It was found that all participants shocked up to 300 volts and 65% of participants shocked all the way up to the maximum 450 volts.
Some psychologists have described those people as ‘sadistic.’
2. Qualitative results:
Many participants showed distress, such as what?

Answer 50

Many participants showed distress, such as:

1. Twitching
2. Laughing nervously
3. Digging their nails into their flesh

Question 51

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on and was surprised by the high obedience rate.
It was found that all participants shocked up to 300 volts and 65% of participants shocked all the way up to the maximum 450 volts.
Some psychologists have described those people as ‘sadistic.’
2. Qualitative results:
Many participants showed distress, such as twitching, laughing nervously and digging their nails into their flesh.
3 participants had what?

Answer 51

3 participants had uncontrollable seizures

Question 52

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on and was surprised by the high obedience rate.
It was found that all participants shocked up to 300 volts and 65% of participants shocked all the way up to the maximum 450 volts.
Some psychologists have described those people as ‘sadistic.’
2. Qualitative results:
Many participants showed distress, such as twitching, laughing nervously and digging their nails into their flesh.
3 participants had uncontrollable seizures.
However, some participants showed what?

Answer 52

Some participants showed little if any signs of discomfort

Question 53

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on and was surprised by the high obedience rate.
It was found that all participants shocked up to 300 volts and 65% of participants shocked all the way up to the maximum 450 volts.
Some psychologists have described those people as ‘sadistic.’
2. Qualitative results:
Many participants showed distress, such as twitching, laughing nervously and digging their nails into their flesh.
3 participants had uncontrollable seizures.
Some participants showed little if any signs of discomfort, instead doing what?

Answer 53

Some participants showed little if any signs of discomfort, instead concentrating dutifully on what they were doing

Question 54

The conclusions of Milgram’s obedience study are that what is clearly false?

Answer 54

The conclusions of Milgram’s obedience study are that the ‘Germans are different’ hypothesis is clearly false

Question 55

The conclusions of Milgram’s obedience study are that the ‘Germans are different’ hypothesis is clearly false, because Milgram’s participants were 40 what Americans?

Answer 55

The conclusions of Milgram’s obedience study are that the ‘Germans are different’ hypothesis is clearly false, because Milgram’s participants were 40 ‘ordinary’ Americans

Question 56

The conclusions of Milgram’s obedience study are that the ‘Germans are different’ hypothesis is clearly false, because Milgram’s participants were 40 ‘ordinary’ Americans.
Their high level of obedience showed that people obey those regarded as what?

Answer 56

Their high level of obedience showed that people obey those regarded as authority figures

Question 57

The conclusions of Milgram’s obedience study are that the ‘Germans are different’ hypothesis is clearly false, because Milgram’s participants were 40 ‘ordinary’ Americans.
Their high level of obedience showed that people obey those regarded as authority figures.
If we had lived in Nazi Germany in the 1930s, we might have acted just as what?

Answer 57

If we had lived in Nazi Germany in the 1930s, we might have acted just as obediently

Question 58

The conclusions of Milgram’s obedience study are that the ‘Germans are different’ hypothesis is clearly false, because Milgram’s participants were 40 ‘ordinary’ Americans.
Their high level of obedience showed that people obey those regarded as authority figures.
If we had lived in Nazi Germany in the 1930s, we might have acted just as obediently.
The results suggest that obeying those in authority is normal behaviour in a what society?

Answer 58

The results suggest that obeying those in authority is normal behaviour in a hierarchically organised society

Question 59

The conclusions of Milgram’s obedience study are that the ‘Germans are different’ hypothesis is clearly false, because Milgram’s participants were 40 ‘ordinary’ Americans.
Their high level of obedience showed that people obey those regarded as authority figures.
If we had lived in Nazi Germany in the 1930s, we might have acted just as obediently.
The results suggest that obeying those in authority is normal behaviour in a hierarchically organised society.
We will obey orders that do what?

Answer 59

We will obey orders that:

1. Distress us
2. Go against our moral code

Question 60

The Milgram paradigm

Answer 60

The Milgram paradigm is an experimental procedure devised by Stanley Milgram for measuring obedience rates

Question 61

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on and was surprised by the high obedience rate.
It was found that all participants shocked up to 300 volts and 65% of participants shocked all the way up to the maximum 450 volts.
Some psychologists have described those people as ‘sadistic.’
2. Qualitative results:
Many participants showed distress, such as twitching, laughing nervously and digging their nails into their flesh.
3 participants had uncontrollable seizures.
Some participants showed little if any signs of discomfort, instead concentrating dutifully on what they were doing.
Participants were continually doing what before continuing?

Answer 61

Participants were continually asking for reassurance from the experimenter before continuing

Question 62

The findings of Milgram’s obedience study are quantitative results and qualitative results.
1. Quantitative results:
Obedience was measured as the % of participants giving shocks up to maximum 450 volts.
Prior to the experiment Milgram asked 40 psychiatrists what % of people would obey up to 450 volts.
Their prediction was only 1%.
Milgram thought that most people would quit very early on and was surprised by the high obedience rate.
It was found that all participants shocked up to 300 volts and 65% of participants shocked all the way up to the maximum 450 volts.
Some psychologists have described those people as ‘sadistic.’
2. Qualitative results:
Many participants showed distress, such as twitching, laughing nervously and digging their nails into their flesh.
3 participants had uncontrollable seizures.
Some participants showed little if any signs of discomfort, instead concentrating dutifully on what they were doing.
Participants were continually asking for reassurance from the experimenter before continuing.
This was a shift of what?

Answer 62

This was a shift of responsibility

Question 63

Milgram’s obedience study was a what experiment?

Answer 63

Milgram’s obedience study was a laboratory experiment

Question 64

Milgram’s obedience study was a laboratory experiment, because it took place where and everything was controlled?

Answer 64

Milgram’s obedience study was a laboratory experiment, because:

1. It took place in a controlled setting
2. Everything was controlled

Question 65

Milgram’s obedience study was a laboratory experiment, because it took place in a controlled setting and everything was controlled.
It was standardised, because all participants were given the same set of what?

Answer 65

Milgram’s obedience study was standardised, because all participants were given the same set of instructions

Question 66

Milgram’s obedience study was a laboratory experiment, because it took place in a controlled setting and everything was controlled.
It was standardised, because all participants were given the same set of instructions.
The control variables in Milgram’s obedience study included what?

Answer 66

The control variables in Milgram’s obedience study included the:

1. Instructions
2. Verbal prods used
3. Learner’s response and reactions to the shocks given

Question 67

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:

1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the what for studying obedience?

Answer 67

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is the Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience

Question 68

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many what?

Answer 68

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is the Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers

Question 69

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:

1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. It was intended as a what?

Answer 69

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is that it was intended as a pilot study

Question 70

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:

1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider what than the study itself?

Answer 70

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is that it was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself

Question 71

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so what by the results that he subsequently did what?

Answer 71

Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study

Question 72

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time doing what?

Answer 72

Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure

Question 73

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify what?

Answer 73

Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to:
1. Try
2. Identify
the reasons why people were so obedient

Question 74

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. What application?

Answer 74

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is practical application

Question 75

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help do what?

Answer 75

It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience

Question 76

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience.
Unfortunately, not much has changed since when?

Answer 76

Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963

Question 77

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience.
Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963, because horrendous crimes are still committed by people operating under the excuse of what?

Answer 77

Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963, because horrendous crimes are still committed by people operating under the excuse of ‘simply following orders’

Question 78

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience.
Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963, because horrendous crimes are still committed by people operating under the excuse of ‘simply following orders.’
4. What of study?

Answer 78

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is type of study

Question 79

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience.
Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963, because horrendous crimes are still committed by people operating under the excuse of ‘simply following orders.’
4. Type of study - Most people presume that Milgram’s study is a what?

Answer 79

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is type of study - Most people presume that Milgram’s study is an experiment

Question 80

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience.
Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963, because horrendous crimes are still committed by people operating under the excuse of ‘simply following orders.’
4. Type of study - Most people presume that Milgram’s study is an experiment and Milgram referred to it as such.
However, there is no what?

Answer 80

There is no independent variable

Question 81

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience.
Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963, because horrendous crimes are still committed by people operating under the excuse of ‘simply following orders.’
4. Type of study - Most people presume that Milgram’s study is an experiment and Milgram referred to it as such.
However, there is no independent variable and in reality it is more of a what?

Answer 81

There is no independent variable and in reality it is more of a controlled observation

Question 82

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience.
Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963, because horrendous crimes are still committed by people operating under the excuse of ‘simply following orders.’
4. Type of study - Most people presume that Milgram’s study is an experiment and Milgram referred to it as such.
However, there is no independent variable and in reality it is more of a controlled observation.
It can, however, be considered an experiment if Milgram’s what are considered?

Answer 82

It can, however, be considered an experiment if Milgram’s variations of his study are considered

Question 83

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience.
Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963, because horrendous crimes are still committed by people operating under the excuse of ‘simply following orders.’
4. Type of study - Most people presume that Milgram’s study is an experiment and Milgram referred to it as such.
However, there is no independent variable and in reality it is more of a controlled observation.
It can, however, be considered an experiment if Milgram’s variations of his study are considered.
The independent variable then becomes what?

Answer 83

The independent variable then becomes which particular variation a participant performs

Question 84

The evaluation of Milgram’s obedience study is:
1. The Milgram paradigm - Milgram established the basic method, or paradigm, for studying obedience, which was adopted by many subsequent researchers.
2. Milgram’s obedience study was intended as a pilot study - It is more useful to consider the research inspired by Milgram’s study than the study itself.
Milgram was so astounded by the results that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
3. Practical application - It was hoped that Milgram’s findings would help form strategies to reduce destructive blind obedience.
Unfortunately, not much has changed since 1963, because horrendous crimes are still committed by people operating under the excuse of ‘simply following orders.’
4. Type of study - Most people presume that Milgram’s study is an experiment and Milgram referred to it as such.
However, there is no independent variable and in reality it is more of a controlled observation.
It can, however, be considered an experiment if Milgram’s variations of his study are considered.
The independent variable then becomes which particular variation a participant performs, for example what?

Answer 84

The independent variable then becomes which particular variation a participant performs, for example having the experimenter not present in the room, as opposed to him being in the room

Question 85

Milgram was so astounded by the results of his obedience study that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
Variations of the basic experiment:
1. S? (if the experimenter did what)?

Answer 85

1. Surveillance (if the experimenter left the room and gave orders on a telephone link)

Question 86

Milgram was so astounded by the results of his obedience study that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
Variations of the basic experiment:
1. Surveillance (if the experimenter left the room and gave orders on a telephone link).
Obedience did what from 65%?

Answer 86

Obedience dropped to 20% from 65%

Question 87

Milgram was so astounded by the results of his obedience study that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
Variations of the basic experiment:
1. Surveillance (if the experimenter left the room and gave orders on a telephone link).
Obedience dropped to 20% from 65%.
2. Where the subject what?

Answer 87

2. Where the subject does not give the shocks themselves, but asks somebody else to give the shocks

Question 88

Milgram was so astounded by the results of his obedience study that he subsequently conducted 19 variations of the study, each time varying one aspect of the procedure, to try and identify the reasons why people were so obedient.
Variations of the basic experiment:
1. Surveillance (if the experimenter left the room and gave orders on a telephone link).
Obedience dropped to 20% from 65%.
2. Where the subject does not give the shocks themselves, but asks somebody else to give the shocks.
Obedience did what from 65%?

Answer 88

Obedience went up to 95% from 65%