1.4: Conformity to social roles and Philip Zimbardo (1973)

Question 1

Social roles

Answer 1

Social roles are the parts individuals play as members of a social group that meet the expectations of that situation

Question 2

Each social situation has its own social norms, expected ways for individuals to behave, which will what from situation to situation?

Answer 2

Each social situation has its own social norms, expected ways for individuals to behave, which will vary from situation to situation

Question 3

Each social situation has its own social norms, expected ways for individuals to behave, which will vary from situation to situation.
Example

Answer 3

For example, joining the back of a queue when arriving at the till in a shop

Question 4

Each social situation has its own social norms, expected ways for individuals to behave, which will vary from situation to situation.
For example, joining the back of a queue when arriving at the till in a shop.
Individuals learn how to behave by doing what?

Answer 4

Individuals learn how to behave by:

1. Looking at the social roles other people play in such situations
2. Then conforming to them

Question 5

Each social situation has its own social norms, expected ways for individuals to behave, which will vary from situation to situation.
For example, joining the back of a queue when arriving at the till in a shop.
Individuals learn how to behave by looking at the social roles other people play in such situations and then conforming to them.
These learned social roles become like what?

Answer 5

These learned social roles become like internal mental scripts

Question 6

Each social situation has its own social norms, expected ways for individuals to behave, which will vary from situation to situation.
For example, joining the back of a queue when arriving at the till in a shop.
Individuals learn how to behave by looking at the social roles other people play in such situations and then conforming to them.
These learned social roles become like internal mental scripts, allowing individuals to do what in different settings?

Answer 6

These learned social roles become like internal mental scripts, allowing individuals to behave appropriately in different settings

Question 7

Each social situation has its own social norms, expected ways for individuals to behave, which will vary from situation to situation.
For example, joining the back of a queue when arriving at the till in a shop.
Individuals learn how to behave by looking at the social roles other people play in such situations and then conforming to them.
These learned social roles become like internal mental scripts, allowing individuals to behave appropriately in different settings.
Conformity to social roles therefore involves what?

Answer 7

Conformity to social roles therefore involves identification

Question 8

Each social situation has its own social norms, expected ways for individuals to behave, which will vary from situation to situation.
For example, joining the back of a queue when arriving at the till in a shop.
Individuals learn how to behave by looking at the social roles other people play in such situations and then conforming to them.
These learned social roles become like internal mental scripts, allowing individuals to behave appropriately in different settings.
Conformity to social roles therefore involves identification, which is stronger than compliance, involving both what of the behaviour and attitudes exhibited?

Answer 8

Conformity to social roles therefore involves identification, which is stronger than compliance, involving both:
1. Public
2. Private
acceptance of the behaviour and attitudes exhibited

Question 9

Conformity to social roles therefore involves identification, which is stronger than compliance, involving both public and private acceptance of the behaviour and attitudes exhibited.
Conformity to social roles isn’t as strong as internalisation though, because individuals do what and only conform to what when?

Answer 9

Conformity to social roles isn’t as strong as internalisation though, because individuals:

1. Adopt different roles for different social situations
2. Only conform to particular roles whilst in those particular social situations

Question 10

Conformity to social roles therefore involves identification, which is stronger than compliance, involving both public and private acceptance of the behaviour and attitudes exhibited.
Conformity to social roles isn’t as strong as internalisation though, because individuals adopt different roles for different social situations and only conform to particular roles whilst in those particular social situations.
With each social role adopted, behaviour does what?

Answer 10

With each social role adopted, behaviour changes

Question 11

Conformity to social roles therefore involves identification, which is stronger than compliance, involving both public and private acceptance of the behaviour and attitudes exhibited.
Conformity to social roles isn’t as strong as internalisation though, because individuals adopt different roles for different social situations and only conform to particular roles whilst in those particular social situations.
With each social role adopted, behaviour changes to do what?

Answer 11

With each social role adopted, behaviour changes to fit the social norms of that situation

Question 12

With each social role adopted, behaviour changes to fit the social norms of that situation, so as an individual moves to another social situation, what will happen?

Answer 12

With each social role adopted, behaviour changes to fit the social norms of that situation, so as an individual moves to another social situation, their behaviour will change to suit the new social norms

Question 13

With each social role adopted, behaviour changes to fit the social norms of that situation, so as an individual moves to another social situation, their behaviour will change to suit the new social norms, played out through a different what?

Answer 13

With each social role adopted, behaviour changes to fit the social norms of that situation, so as an individual moves to another social situation, their behaviour will change to suit the new social norms, played out through a different social role

Question 14

With each social role adopted, behaviour changes to fit the social norms of that situation, so as an individual moves to another social situation, their behaviour will change to suit the new social norms, played out through a different social role.
Conformity to social roles is therefore a useful way of doing what?

Answer 14

Conformity to social roles is therefore a useful way of:
1. Understanding
2. Predicting
social behaviour

Question 15

With each social role adopted, behaviour changes to fit the social norms of that situation, so as an individual moves to another social situation, their behaviour will change to suit the new social norms, played out through a different social role.
Conformity to social roles is therefore a useful way of understanding and predicting social behaviour, which brings a reassuring sense of what to what?

Answer 15

Conformity to social roles is therefore a useful way of:
1. Understanding
2. Predicting
social behaviour
,which brings a reassuring sense of order to our social interactions

Question 16

What perfectly illustrates the role of social roles in conformity?

Answer 16

Philip Zimbardo’s study of:
1. Prisoners
2. Guards
in a simulated prison (1973) perfectly illustrates the role of social roles in conformity

Question 17

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand what?

Answer 17

Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand the brutal and dehumanising behaviour:

1. Found in prisons
2. Reported on a regular basis in the American media

Question 18

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand the brutal and dehumanising behaviour found in prisons and reported on a regular basis in the American media.
What were to be explored?

Answer 18

2 widely differing explanations were to be explored

Question 19

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand the brutal and dehumanising behaviour found in prisons and reported on a regular basis in the American media.
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
Firstly, there was the what hypothesis that the violence and degradation of prisons was due to what?

Answer 19

Firstly, there was the dispositional hypothesis that the:
1. Violence
2. Degradation of prisons
was due to the ‘nature’ of the people found within the prison system

Question 20

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand the brutal and dehumanising behaviour found in prisons and reported on a regular basis in the American media.
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
Firstly, there was the dispositional hypothesis that the violence and degradation of prisons was due to the ‘nature’ of the people found within the prison system.
This meant that both guards and prisoners were what?

Answer 20

This meant that both:
1. Guards
2. Prisoners
were ‘bad seeds’ possessed of sadistic, aggressive characteristics

Question 21

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand the brutal and dehumanising behaviour found in prisons and reported on a regular basis in the American media.
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
Firstly, there was the dispositional hypothesis that the violence and degradation of prisons was due to the ‘nature’ of the people found within the prison system.
This meant that both guards and prisoners were ‘bad seeds’ possessed of sadistic, aggressive characteristics, which naturally led to what?

Answer 21

This meant that both:
1. Guards
2. Prisoners
were ‘bad seeds’ possessed of sadistic, aggressive characteristics, which naturally led to endless brutality

Question 22

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand the brutal and dehumanising behaviour found in prisons and reported on a regular basis in the American media.
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
Firstly, there was the dispositional hypothesis that the violence and degradation of prisons was due to the ‘nature’ of the people found within the prison system.
This meant that both guards and prisoners were ‘bad seeds’ possessed of sadistic, aggressive characteristics, which naturally led to endless brutality.
Secondly, there was the what hypothesis that saw violence and degradation as what?

Answer 22

Secondly, there was the situational hypothesis that saw:
1. Violence
2. Degradation
as a product of the ‘prison soil’

Question 23

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand the brutal and dehumanising behaviour found in prisons and reported on a regular basis in the American media.
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
Firstly, there was the dispositional hypothesis that the violence and degradation of prisons was due to the ‘nature’ of the people found within the prison system.
This meant that both guards and prisoners were ‘bad seeds’ possessed of sadistic, aggressive characteristics, which naturally led to endless brutality.
Secondly, there was the situational hypothesis that saw violence and degradation as a product of the ‘prison soil,’ which is what?

Answer 23

Secondly, there was the situational hypothesis that saw:
1. Violence
2. Degradation
as a product of the ‘prison soil,’ which is the interactions between environmental factors that supported such behaviour

Question 24

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand the brutal and dehumanising behaviour found in prisons and reported on a regular basis in the American media.
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
Firstly, there was the dispositional hypothesis that the violence and degradation of prisons was due to the ‘nature’ of the people found within the prison system.
This meant that both guards and prisoners were ‘bad seeds’ possessed of sadistic, aggressive characteristics, which naturally led to endless brutality.
Secondly, there was the situational hypothesis that saw violence and degradation as a product of the ‘prison soil,’ which is the interactions between environmental factors that supported such behaviour.
This situational hypothesis means what?

Answer 24

This situational hypothesis means that the:
1. Brutalising
2. Dehumanising
conditions of prison led to the brutal behaviour of all concerned

Question 25

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Zimbardo’s study was an attempt to understand the brutal and dehumanising behaviour found in prisons and reported on a regular basis in the American media.
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
To separate the effects of what from what, Zimbardo built what?

Answer 25

To separate the effects of:
1. The prison environment
from
2. Those within the prison system
,Zimbardo built a mock prison

Question 26

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
To separate the effects of the prison environment from those within the prison system, Zimbardo built a mock prison that used who to play both prisoners and guards?

Answer 26

To separate the effects of the prison environment from those within the prison system, Zimbardo built a mock prison that used 'average' people with no record of:
1. Violence
Or,
2. Criminality
to play both prisoners and guards

Question 27

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
To separate the effects of the prison environment from those within the prison system, Zimbardo built a mock prison that used ‘average’ people with no record of violence or criminality to play both prisoners and guards - roles that were determined how?

Answer 27

To separate the effects of the prison environment from those within the prison system, Zimbardo built a mock prison that used ‘average’ people with no record of:
1. Violence
Or,
2. Criminality
to play both prisoners and guards - roles that were determined completely randomly

Question 28

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
Firstly, there was the dispositional hypothesis that the violence and degradation of prisons was due to the ‘nature’ of the people found within the prison system.
This meant that both guards and prisoners were ‘bad seeds’ possessed of sadistic, aggressive characteristics, which naturally led to endless brutality.
Secondly, there was the situational hypothesis that saw violence and degradation as a product of the ‘prison soil,’ which is the interactions between environmental factors that supported such behaviour.
This situational hypothesis means that the brutalising and dehumanising conditions of prison led to the brutal behaviour of all concerned.
To separate the effects of the prison environment from those within the prison system, Zimbardo built a mock prison that used ‘average’ people with no record of violence or criminality to play both prisoners and guards - roles that were determined completely randomly.
The dispositional hypothesis would be supported if what?

Answer 28

The dispositional hypothesis would be supported if no brutality occurred

Question 29

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
2 widely differing explanations were to be explored.
Firstly, there was the dispositional hypothesis that the violence and degradation of prisons was due to the ‘nature’ of the people found within the prison system.
This meant that both guards and prisoners were ‘bad seeds’ possessed of sadistic, aggressive characteristics, which naturally led to endless brutality.
Secondly, there was the situational hypothesis that saw violence and degradation as a product of the ‘prison soil,’ which is the interactions between environmental factors that supported such behaviour.
This situational hypothesis means that the brutalising and dehumanising conditions of prison led to the brutal behaviour of all concerned.
To separate the effects of the prison environment from those within the prison system, Zimbardo built a mock prison that used ‘average’ people with no record of violence or criminality to play both prisoners and guards - roles that were determined completely randomly.
The dispositional hypothesis would be supported if no brutality occurred, but if brutality was seen, then it must be what that were driving what people to such behaviour?

Answer 29

The dispositional hypothesis would be supported if no brutality occurred, but if brutality was seen, then it must be situational factors that were driving:
1. Normal
2. Law-abiding
people to such behaviour

Question 30

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The aims of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study were to:
1. Investigate what?

Answer 30

The aims of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study were to investigate the extent to which people would conform to the roles of:
1. Guard
2. Prisoner
in a role-playing simulation of prison life

Question 31

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The aims of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study were to:
1. Investigate the extent to which people would conform to the roles of guard and prisoner in a role-playing simulation of prison life.
2. Test what?

Answer 31

The aims of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study were to test the dispositional vs situational hypotheses

Question 32

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The aims of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study were to:
1. Investigate the extent to which people would conform to the roles of guard and prisoner in a role-playing simulation of prison life.
2. Test the dispositional vs situational hypotheses, that saw prison violence as either due to what?

Answer 32

The aims of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study were to test the dispositional vs situational hypotheses, that saw prison violence as either due to the:
1. Sadistic personalities of guards and prisoners
Or,
2. Brutal conditions of the prison environment

Question 33

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. Who responded to a newspaper advertisement?

Answer 33

The:
2. Method
3. Procedure
of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement

Question 34

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for what?

Answer 34

The:
1. Method
2. Procedure
of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day

Question 35

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
How many students rated as the most what were used?

Answer 35

21 students rated as the most:
1. Physically and mentally stable
2. Mature
3. Free from anti-social and criminal tendencies
were used

Question 36

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as what and 11 as what?

Answer 36

21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used:

1. 10 as guards
2. 11 as prisoners

Question 37

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a what basis?

Answer 37

Selection as to who would be:
1. Guards
2. Prisoners
was on a random basis

Question 38

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially did what?

Answer 38

All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners

Question 39

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself did what?

Answer 39

Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent

Question 40

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. What was converted into a mock prison?

Answer 40

The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison

Question 41

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as what as possible?

Answer 41

The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible

Question 42

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being what and then what?

Answer 42

The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners:

1. Being arrested by the real local police
2. Then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused

Question 43

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing what?

Answer 43

Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing:

1. Numbered smocks
2. Nylon stocking caps
3. A chain around one ankle

Question 44

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps (to simulate what) and a change around one ankle?

Answer 44

Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing:

1. Numbered smocks
2. Nylon stocking caps (to simulate shaved heads)
3. A chain around one ankle

Question 45

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps (to simulate shaved heads) and a chain around one ankle.
Guards wore what?

Answer 45

Guards wore:

1. Khaki uniforms
2. Reflective sunglasses

Question 46

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps (to simulate shaved heads) and a chain around one ankle.
Guards wore khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses (to prevent what)?

Answer 46

Guards wore:

1. Khaki uniforms
2. Reflective sunglasses (to prevent eye-contact)

Question 47

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps (to simulate shaved heads) and a chain around one ankle.
Guards wore khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses (to prevent eye-contact) and were issued with what?

Answer 47

Guards wore khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses (to prevent eye-contact) and were issued with:

1. Handcuffs
2. Keys
3. Truncheons

Question 48

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps (to simulate shaved heads) and a chain around one ankle.
Guards wore khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses (to prevent eye-contact) and were issued with handcuffs, keys and truncheons (although what was not permitted)?

Answer 48

Guards:

1. Wore khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses (to prevent eye-contact)
2. Were issued with handcuffs, keys and truncheons (although physical punishment was not permitted)

Question 49

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps (to simulate shaved heads) and a chain around one ankle.
Guards wore khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses (to prevent eye-contact) and were issued with handcuffs, keys and truncheons (although physical punishment was not permitted).
3. How many prisoners were placed how many to a cell?

Answer 49

9 prisoners were placed 3 to a cell

Question 50

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps (to simulate shaved heads) and a chain around one ankle.
Guards wore khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses (to prevent eye-contact) and were issued with handcuffs, keys and truncheons (although physical punishment was not permitted).
3. 9 prisoners were placed 3 to a cell and a what of what was established?

Answer 50

9 prisoners were placed 3 to a cell and a regular routine of:
1. Shifts
2. Meal times
ect, was established

Question 51

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps (to simulate shaved heads) and a chain around one ankle.
Guards wore khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses (to prevent eye-contact) and were issued with handcuffs, keys and truncheons (although physical punishment was not permitted).
3. 9 prisoners were placed 3 to a cell and a regular routine of shifts, meal times, ect, was established, as well as what?

Answer 51

9 prisoners were placed 3 to a cell and a regular routine of shifts, meal times, ect, was established, as well as:

1. Visiting times
2. A parole and disciplinary board
3. A prison chaplain

Question 52

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The method and procedure of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study was that:
1. 75 male university students responded to a newspaper advertisement asking for volunteers for a study of prison life paying $15 a day.
21 students rated as the most physically and mentally stable, mature and free from anti-social and criminal tendencies were used, 10 as guards and 11 as prisoners.
Selection as to who would be guards and who would be prisoners was on a random basis.
All participants initially expressed a desire to be prisoners.
Zimbardo himself played the role of the prison superintendent.
2. The basement of the psychology department at Stanford University was converted into a mock prison and the experience was made as realistic as possible, with the prisoners being arrested by the real local police and then fingerprinted, stripped and deloused.
Dehumanisation, the removal of human identity, was increased by prisoners wearing numbered smocks, nylon stocking caps (to simulate shaved heads) and a chain around one ankle.
Guards wore khaki uniforms and reflective sunglasses (to prevent eye-contact) and were issued with handcuffs, keys and truncheons (although physical punishment was not permitted).
3. 9 prisoners were placed 3 to a cell and a regular routine of shifts, meal times, ect, was established, as well as visiting times, a parole and disciplinary board and a prison chaplain.
The study was planned to run for how long?

Answer 52

The study was planned to run for 2 weeks

Question 53

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that both guards and prisoners did what?

Answer 53

The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that both:
1. Guards
2. Prisoners
settled quickly into their social roles

Question 54

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial what was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more what?

Answer 54

After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic

Question 55

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, doing what?

Answer 55

After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic:

1. Taunting the prisoners
2. Giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do

Question 56

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became what of the guards’ behaviour?

Answer 56

After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became:
1. Submissive
2. Unquestioning
of the guards’ behaviour

Question 57

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners did what against any prisoners who dared to protest?

Answer 57

Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest

Question 58

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest.
De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners doing what?

Answer 58

De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners referring to:
1. Each other
2. Themselves
by their prison numbers instead of their names

Question 59

Dehumanisation

Answer 59

Dehumanisation is degrading people by lessening of their human qualities

Question 60

De-individualisation

Answer 60

De-individualisation is a state in which individuals have:
1. Lower self-awareness
2. A weaker sense of personal responsibility
for their actions, when they become so immersed in the norms of the group

Question 61

De-individualisation is a state in which individuals have lower self-awareness and a weaker sense of personal responsibility for their actions, when they become so immersed in the norms of the group.
This may result from what?

Answer 61

This may result from the relative anonymity of being part of a crowd

Question 62

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest.
De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners referring to each other and themselves by their prison numbers instead of their names.
2. After how long, one prisoner was released because of what?

Answer 62

After 36 hours, one prisoner was released because of fits of:

1. Crying
2. Rage

Question 63

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest.
De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners referring to each other and themselves by their prison numbers instead of their names.
2. After 36 hours, one prisoner was released because of fits of crying and rage.
How many more prisoners developed what?

Answer 63

3 more prisoners developed similar symptoms

Question 64

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest.
De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners referring to each other and themselves by their prison numbers instead of their names.
2. After 36 hours, one prisoner was released because of fits of crying and rage.
3 more prisoners developed similar symptoms and were released when?

Answer 64

3 more prisoners:

1. Developed similar symptoms
2. Were released on successive days

Question 65

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest.
De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners referring to each other and themselves by their prison numbers instead of their names.
2. After 36 hours, one prisoner was released because of fits of crying and rage.
3 more prisoners developed similar symptoms and were released on successive days.
A 5th prisoner developed what when his parole was denied?

Answer 65

A 5th prisoner developed a severe rash when his parole was denied

Question 66

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest.
De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners referring to each other and themselves by their prison numbers instead of their names.
2. After 36 hours, one prisoner was released because of fits of crying and rage.
3 more prisoners developed similar symptoms and were released on successive days.
A 5th prisoner developed a severe rash when his parole was denied.
3. Scheduled to run for 14 days, the study was stopped after how long?

Answer 66

Scheduled to run for 14 days, the study was stopped after 6 days

Question 67

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest.
De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners referring to each other and themselves by their prison numbers instead of their names.
2. After 36 hours, one prisoner was released because of fits of crying and rage.
3 more prisoners developed similar symptoms and were released on successive days.
A 5th prisoner developed a severe rash when his parole was denied.
3. Scheduled to run for 14 days, the study was stopped after 6 days when Zimbardo realised what?

Answer 67

Scheduled to run for 14 days, the study was stopped after 6 days when Zimbardo realised the:

1. Extent of the harm that was occurring
2. Increasingly aggressive nature of the guards’ behaviour

Question 68

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest.
De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners referring to each other and themselves by their prison numbers instead of their names.
2. After 36 hours, one prisoner was released because of fits of crying and rage.
3 more prisoners developed similar symptoms and were released on successive days.
A 5th prisoner developed a severe rash when his parole was denied.
3. Scheduled to run for 14 days, the study was stopped after 6 days when Zimbardo realised the extent of the harm that was occurring and the increasingly aggressive nature of the guards’ behaviour.
The remaining prisoners were what, while the guards were what?

Answer 68

The:
1. Remaining prisoners were delighted at their sudden good fortune
,while
2. Guards were upset by Zimbardo’s decision

Question 69

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The findings of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. Both guards and prisoners settled quickly into their social roles.
After an initial prisoner ‘rebellion’ was crushed, dehumanisation was increasingly apparent with the guards becoming ever more sadistic, taunting the prisoners and giving them meaningless, boring tasks to do, while the prisoners became submissive and unquestioning of the guards’ behaviour.
Some prisoners sided with the guards against any prisoners who dared to protest.
De-individualisation was noticeable by the prisoners referring to each other and themselves by their prison numbers instead of their names.
2. After 36 hours, one prisoner was released because of fits of crying and rage.
3 more prisoners developed similar symptoms and were released on successive days.
A 5th prisoner developed a severe rash when his parole was denied.
3. Scheduled to run for 14 days, the study was stopped after 6 days when Zimbardo realised the extent of the harm that was occurring and the increasingly aggressive nature of the guards’ behaviour.
The remaining prisoners were delighted at their sudden good fortune, while the guards were upset by Zimbardo’s decision.
4. In later interviews, both guards and prisoners said that they were surprised at what?

Answer 69

In later interviews, both:
1. Guards
2. Prisoners
said they were surprised at the uncharacteristic behaviours they had shown

Question 70

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that what hypothesis is favoured over the what hypothesis?

Answer 70

The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that the situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis

Question 71

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. The situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis, because none of the participants had ever done what?

Answer 71

The conclusions of Zimbardo's prison simulation study are that the situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis, because none of the participants had ever shown such:
1. Character traits
Or,
2. Behaviour
before the study

Question 72

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. The situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis, because none of the participants had ever shown such character traits or behaviour before the study.
It was the what that led to their uncharacteristic behaviour?

Answer 72

It was the:
1. Environment of the mock prison
2. Social roles that the participants had to play
that led to their uncharacteristic behaviour

Question 73

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. The situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis, because none of the participants had ever shown such character traits or behaviour before the study.
It was the environment of the mock prison and the social roles that the participants had to play that led to their uncharacteristic behaviour.
2. Individuals do what to the social roles demanded of a situation?

Answer 73

The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that individuals conform readily to the social roles demanded of a situation

Question 74

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. The situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis, because none of the participants had ever shown such character traits or behaviour before the study.
It was the environment of the mock prison and the social roles that the participants had to play that led to their uncharacteristic behaviour.
2. Individuals conform readily to the social roles demanded of a situation, even when such roles do what?

Answer 74

The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that individuals conform readily to the social roles demanded of a situation, even when such roles override an individual’s moral beliefs about their personal behaviour

Question 75

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. The situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis, because none of the participants had ever shown such character traits or behaviour before the study.
It was the environment of the mock prison and the social roles that the participants had to play that led to their uncharacteristic behaviour.
2. Individuals conform readily to the social roles demanded of a situation, even when such roles override an individual’s moral beliefs about their personal behaviour.
3. Both guards and prisoners demonstrated social roles gained from what?

Answer 75

The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that both:
1. Guards
2. Prisoners
demonstrated social roles gained from media sources

Question 76

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. The situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis, because none of the participants had ever shown such character traits or behaviour before the study.
It was the environment of the mock prison and the social roles that the participants had to play that led to their uncharacteristic behaviour.
2. Individuals conform readily to the social roles demanded of a situation, even when such roles override an individual’s moral beliefs about their personal behaviour.
3. Both guards and prisoners demonstrated social roles gained from media sources, for example what?

Answer 76

The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that both:
1. Guards
2. Prisoners
demonstrated social roles gained from media sources, for example prison films

Question 77

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. The situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis, because none of the participants had ever shown such character traits or behaviour before the study.
It was the environment of the mock prison and the social roles that the participants had to play that led to their uncharacteristic behaviour.
2. Individuals conform readily to the social roles demanded of a situation, even when such roles override an individual’s moral beliefs about their personal behaviour.
3. Both guards and prisoners demonstrated social roles gained from media sources, for example prison films, and learned what?

Answer 77

The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that both guards and prisoners:

1. Demonstrated social roles gained from media sources, for example prison films
2. Learned models of social power

Question 78

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that:
1. The situational hypothesis is favoured over the dispositional hypothesis, because none of the participants had ever shown such character traits or behaviour before the study.
It was the environment of the mock prison and the social roles that the participants had to play that led to their uncharacteristic behaviour.
2. Individuals conform readily to the social roles demanded of a situation, even when such roles override an individual’s moral beliefs about their personal behaviour.
3. Both guards and prisoners demonstrated social roles gained from media sources, for example prison films, and learned models of social power, for example what?

Answer 78

The conclusions of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study are that both guards and prisoners demonstrated social roles gained from media sources, for example prison films, and learned models of social power, for example:

1. Teacher-student
2. Parent-child

Question 79

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The evaluation of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study is that what are important, because not all guards behaved brutally?

Answer 79

The evaluation of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study is that individual differences are important, because not all guards behaved brutally

Question 80

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The evaluation of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study is that:
1. Individual differences are important, because not all guards behaved brutally.
Some guards were what?

Answer 80

Some guards were:

1. Hard, but fair
2. Brutal

Question 81

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The evaluation of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study is that:
1. Individual differences are important, because not all guards behaved brutally.
Some guards were hard, but fair and some guards were brutal.
Other guards rarely did what?

Answer 81

Other guards rarely exerted control over the prisoners

Question 82

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The evaluation of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study is that:
1. Individual differences are important, because not all guards behaved brutally.
Some guards were hard, but fair and some guards were brutal.
Other guards rarely exerted control over the prisoners.
Prisoner behaviour was not what either?

Answer 82

Prisoner behaviour was not identical either

Question 83

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The evaluation of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study is that:
1. Individual differences are important, because not all guards behaved brutally.
Some guards were hard, but fair and some guards were brutal.
Other guards rarely exerted control over the prisoners.
Prisoner behaviour was not identical either.
2. Zimbardo hoped that his research would lead to what?

Answer 83

Zimbardo hoped that his research would lead to beneficial reforms within the prison system

Question 84

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The evaluation of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study is that:
1. Individual differences are important, because not all guards behaved brutally.
Some guards were hard, but fair and some guards were brutal.
Other guards rarely exerted control over the prisoners.
Prisoner behaviour was not identical either.
2. Zimbardo hoped that his research would lead to beneficial reforms within the prison system.
What did initially occur?

Answer 84

Beneficial reforms in the way prisoners were treated, especially juveniles, did initially occur

Question 85

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
The evaluation of Zimbardo’s prison simulation study is that:
1. Individual differences are important, because not all guards behaved brutally.
Some guards were hard, but fair and some guards were brutal.
Other guards rarely exerted control over the prisoners.
Prisoner behaviour was not identical either.
2. Zimbardo hoped that his research would lead to beneficial reforms within the prison system.
Beneficial reforms in the way prisoners were treated, especially juveniles, did initially occur.
However, Zimbardo regards his study as what?

Answer 85

Zimbardo regards his study as a failure in the sense that prison conditions in the USA are now even worse than when he performed his study

Question 86

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Conclusion:
One explanation for why the participants’ reactions were so extreme in this study could be that they conformed to what?

Answer 86

One explanation for why the participants’ reactions were so extreme in this study could be that they conformed to social roles

Question 87

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Conclusion:
One explanation for why the participants’ reactions were so extreme in this study could be that they conformed to social roles.
A role is a part you play during your life.
Each role requires what?

Answer 87

Each role requires different behaviour

Question 88

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Conclusion:
One explanation for why the participants’ reactions were so extreme in this study could be that they conformed to social roles.
A role is a part you play during your life.
Each role requires different behaviour.
If you are given a new role, for example when you start a new what, you do what?

Answer 88

If you are given a new role, for example when you start a new job, you change your behaviour to suit it

Question 89

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Conclusion:
One explanation for why the participants’ reactions were so extreme in this study could be that they conformed to social roles.
A role is a part you play during your life.
Each role requires different behaviour.
If you are given a new role, for example when you start a new job, you change your behaviour to suit it.
In Zimbardo’s study, the students were given new roles, prisoner or guard, and simply conformed to the what of these roles?

Answer 89

In Zimbardo’s study, the students:

1. Were given new roles, prisoner or guard
2. Simply conformed to the behaviour of these roles

Question 90

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Conclusion:
One explanation for why the participants’ reactions were so extreme in this study could be that they conformed to social roles.
A role is a part you play during your life.
Each role requires different behaviour.
If you are given a new role, for example when you start a new job, you change your behaviour to suit it.
In Zimbardo’s study, the students were given new roles, prisoner or guard, and simply conformed to the behaviour of these roles.
De-individuation may also help to explain the behaviour of the participants, especially the guards.
De-individualisation is a state in which individuals have lower self-awareness and a weaker sense of personal responsibility for their actions, when they become so immersed in the norms of the group.
The guards may have been so sadistic, because they did not feel what happened was what?

Answer 90

The guards may have been so sadistic, because they did not feel what happened was down to them personally

Question 91

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Conclusion:
One explanation for why the participants’ reactions were so extreme in this study could be that they conformed to social roles.
A role is a part you play during your life.
Each role requires different behaviour.
If you are given a new role, for example when you start a new job, you change your behaviour to suit it.
In Zimbardo’s study, the students were given new roles, prisoner or guard, and simply conformed to the behaviour of these roles.
De-individuation may also help to explain the behaviour of the participants, especially the guards.
De-individualisation is a state in which individuals have lower self-awareness and a weaker sense of personal responsibility for their actions, when they become so immersed in the norms of the group.
The guards may have been so sadistic, because they did not feel what happened was down to them personally - it was what?

Answer 91

The guards may have been so sadistic, because they did not feel what happened was down to them personally - it was a group norm

Question 92

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
The prison study has been criticized for not being realistic enough.
Example

Answer 92

For example, it was a laboratory experiment

Question 93

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
The prison study has been criticized for not being realistic enough.
For example, it was a laboratory experiment, so what?

Answer 93

For example, it was a laboratory experiment, so the participants were well aware that research was being conducted

Question 94

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
The prison study has been criticized for not being realistic enough.
For example, it was a laboratory experiment, so the participants were well aware that research was being conducted.
This means that it was low in what?

Answer 94

This means that it was low in:

1. Mundane realism
2. External (ecological) validity

Question 95

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
The prison study has been criticized for not being realistic enough.
For example, it was a laboratory experiment, so the participants were well aware that research was being conducted.
This means that it was low in mundane realism and external (ecological) validity.
Zimbardo had what?

Answer 95

Zimbardo had some control over the participant variables

Question 96

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
The prison study has been criticized for not being realistic enough.
For example, it was a laboratory experiment, so the participants were well aware that research was being conducted.
This means that it was low in mundane realism and external (ecological) validity.
Zimbardo had some control over the participant variables, because he had what?

Answer 96

Zimbardo had some control over the participant variables, because he had only selected ‘emotionally stable’ participants

Question 97

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
Making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced what?

Answer 97

Making some participants:
1. ‘Participants’
2. ‘Guards’
introduced demand characteristics

Question 98

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
Making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
Example

Answer 98

For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi (1975) argued that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles

Question 99

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
Making some participants ‘prisoners’ and some participants ‘guards’ introduced demand characteristics.
For example, Banuazizi and Movahedi (1975) argued that the participants were merely play-acting rather than genuinely conforming to social roles.
Zimbardo what this?

Answer 99

Zimbardo disputes this

Question 100

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
The ethical issues surrounding the study are clear to see.
For example, invasion of privacy, because what?

Answer 100

For example, invasion of privacy, because the footage of the participants can be viewed all across the world with their faces not blurred out

Question 101

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
The ethical issues surrounding the study are clear to see.
For example, invasion of privacy, because the footage of the participants can be viewed all across the world with their faces not blurred out, so there is no what?

Answer 101

For example, invasion of privacy, because the footage of the participants can be viewed all across the world with their faces not blurred out, so there is no anonymity

Question 102

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
There are many what of the prison study and it raises what that are important even today?

Answer 102

There are many implications of the prison study and it raises important issues that are important even today

Question 103

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
There are many implications of the prison study and it raises important issues that are important even today.
Example

Answer 103

For example, the guards at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq (2004) were similarly affected by an ‘evil situation’

Question 104

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
There are many implications of the prison study and it raises important issues that are important even today.
For example, the guards at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq (2004) were similarly affected by an ‘evil situation,’ which led them to do what?

Answer 104

For example, the guards at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq (2004) were similarly affected by an ‘evil situation,’ which led them to behave in ways they would normally reject

Question 105

Philip Zimbardo’s study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison (1973):
Evaluation:
There are many implications of the prison study and it raises important issues that are important even today.
For example, the guards at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq (2004) were similarly affected by an ‘evil situation,’ which led them to behave in ways they would normally reject.
Just like some of the guards in Zimbardo’s prison study, the real-life guards at Abu Ghraib were what?

Answer 105

Just like some of the guards in Zimbardo’s prison study, the real-life guards at Abu Ghraib were very creative in their evil behaviour

Question 106

Abu Ghraib case study:

Beginning in 2004, accounts of what of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention?

Answer 106

Beginning in 2004, accounts of:
1. Physical
2. Psychological
3. Sexual
abuse of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention

Question 107

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including what, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention?

Answer 107

Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including:
1. Torture
2. Rape
3. Sodomy
4. Murder
,of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention

Question 108

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when what emerged?

Answer 108

Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including:
1. Torture
2. Rape
3. Sodomy
4. Murder
,of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged

Question 109

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by who?

Answer 109

These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army

Question 110

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just what?

Answer 110

These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders’

Question 111

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army what who was seen worldwide where?

Answer 111

Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs

Question 112

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her doing what?

Answer 112

Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her:
1. Smiling
2. Pointing
at naked Iraqi prisoners

Question 113

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
She said she was ordered to do what for the photos?

Answer 113

Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos

Question 114

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos and felt how in doing so?

Answer 114

Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she:

1. Was ordered to pose for the photos
2. Felt ‘kind of weird’ in doing so

Question 115

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos and felt ‘kind of weird’ in doing so.
England, 21, repeatedly insisted that her actions were what?

Answer 115

England, 21, repeatedly insisted that her actions were dictated by ‘persons in my higher chain of command’

Question 116

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos and felt ‘kind of weird’ in doing so.
England, 21, repeatedly insisted that her actions were dictated by ‘persons in my higher chain of command.’
In the photos, England is seen smiling, cigarette in her mouth, as she does what?

Answer 116

In the photos, England is seen smiling, cigarette in her mouth, as she:

1. Leans forward
2. Points at the genitals of a naked, hooded Iraqi

Question 117

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos and felt ‘kind of weird’ in doing so.
England, 21, repeatedly insisted that her actions were dictated by ‘persons in my higher chain of command.’
In the photos, England is seen smiling, cigarette in her mouth, as she leans forward and points at the genitals of a naked, hooded Iraqi.
Another photo taken at Abu Ghraib shows her holding what?

Answer 117

Another photo taken at Abu Ghraib shows her holding a leash that encircles the neck of a naked Iraqi man lying on his side

Question 118

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos and felt ‘kind of weird’ in doing so.
England, 21, repeatedly insisted that her actions were dictated by ‘persons in my higher chain of command.’
In the photos, England is seen smiling, cigarette in her mouth, as she leans forward and points at the genitals of a naked, hooded Iraqi.
Another photo taken at Abu Ghraib shows her holding a leash that encircles the neck of a naked Iraqi man lying on his side.
England said, ‘‘I was instructed by persons in higher rank to stand there and hold this leash and look at the camera.
We thought that’s how they did it.
Mind games, intimidation, it sounded pretty typical to us.’’
England said that the actions depicted in the photos were intended to do what?

Answer 118

England said that the actions depicted in the photos were intended to put psychological pressure on the Iraqi prisoners

Question 119

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos and felt ‘kind of weird’ in doing so.
England, 21, repeatedly insisted that her actions were dictated by ‘persons in my higher chain of command.’
In the photos, England is seen smiling, cigarette in her mouth, as she leans forward and points at the genitals of a naked, hooded Iraqi.
Another photo taken at Abu Ghraib shows her holding a leash that encircles the neck of a naked Iraqi man lying on his side.
England said, ‘‘I was instructed by persons in higher rank to stand there and hold this leash and look at the camera.
We thought that’s how they did it.
Mind games, intimidation, it sounded pretty typical to us.’’
England said that the actions depicted in the photos were intended to put psychological pressure on the Iraqi prisoners.
‘‘So to us, we were doing what?’’

Answer 119

'’So to us, we were doing our job’’

Question 120

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos and felt ‘kind of weird’ in doing so.
England, 21, repeatedly insisted that her actions were dictated by ‘persons in my higher chain of command.’
In the photos, England is seen smiling, cigarette in her mouth, as she leans forward and points at the genitals of a naked, hooded Iraqi.
Another photo taken at Abu Ghraib shows her holding a leash that encircles the neck of a naked Iraqi man lying on his side.
England said, ‘‘I was instructed by persons in higher rank to stand there and hold this leash and look at the camera.
We thought that’s how they did it.
Mind games, intimidation, it sounded pretty typical to us.’’
England said that the actions depicted in the photos were intended to put psychological pressure on the Iraqi prisoners.
‘‘So to us, we were doing our job.’’
England said she has no regrets about how the prisoners were treated, because what?

Answer 120

England said she has no regrets about how the prisoners were treated, because ‘‘it got information, some reliable and some of it was about future attacks on coalition forces’’

Question 121

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos and felt ‘kind of weird’ in doing so.
England, 21, repeatedly insisted that her actions were dictated by ‘persons in my higher chain of command.’
In the photos, England is seen smiling, cigarette in her mouth, as she leans forward and points at the genitals of a naked, hooded Iraqi.
Another photo taken at Abu Ghraib shows her holding a leash that encircles the neck of a naked Iraqi man lying on his side.
England said, ‘‘I was instructed by persons in higher rank to stand there and hold this leash and look at the camera.
We thought that’s how they did it.
Mind games, intimidation, it sounded pretty typical to us.’’
England said that the actions depicted in the photos were intended to put psychological pressure on the Iraqi prisoners.
‘‘So to us, we were doing our job.’’
England said she has no regrets about how the prisoners were treated, because ‘‘it got information, some reliable and some of it was about future attacks on coalition forces.’’
‘‘We don’t feel like we were doing things we weren’t supposed to, because what?’’

Answer 121

'’We don’t feel like we were doing things we weren’t supposed to, because we were told to do them’’

Question 122

Abu Ghraib case study:
Beginning in 2004, accounts of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, including torture, rape, sodomy and murder, of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq came to public attention, when photos of the abuse emerged.
These acts were committed by military police personnel of the United States Army, many of whom later argued that they were just ‘following orders.’
Army Pfc. Lynndie England was seen worldwide in photographs that showed her smiling and pointing at naked Iraqi prisoners.
Army Pfc. Lynndie England said she was ordered to pose for the photos and felt ‘kind of weird’ in doing so.
England, 21, repeatedly insisted that her actions were dictated by ‘persons in my higher chain of command.’
In the photos, England is seen smiling, cigarette in her mouth, as she leans forward and points at the genitals of a naked, hooded Iraqi.
Another photo taken at Abu Ghraib shows her holding a leash that encircles the neck of a naked Iraqi man lying on his side.
England said, ‘‘I was instructed by persons in higher rank to stand there and hold this leash and look at the camera.
We thought that’s how they did it.
Mind games, intimidation, it sounded pretty typical to us.’’
England said that the actions depicted in the photos were intended to put psychological pressure on the Iraqi prisoners.
‘‘So to us, we were doing our job.’’
England said she has no regrets about how the prisoners were treated, because ‘‘it got information, some reliable and some of it was about future attacks on coalition forces.’’
‘‘We don’t feel like we were doing things we weren’t supposed to, because we were told to do them.’’
‘‘We think everything was justified, because what?’’

Answer 122

'’We think everything was justified, because we were instructed to do:

1. This
2. That’’

Question 123

When did Zimbardo’s prison simulation study take place?

Answer 123

Zimbardo’s prison simulation study took place in 1973

Question 124

Zimbardo’s prison simulation study investigates what?

Answer 124

Zimbardo’s prison simulation study investigates both:

1. Conformity to social roles
2. Obedience

Question 125

Zimbardo’s prison simulation study investigates both conformity to social roles and obedience.
The conformity to social roles comes in the form of what?

Answer 125

The conformity to social roles comes in the form of total acceptance of the role as prisoner/guard

Question 126

Zimbardo has made very important contributions to our what?

Answer 126

Zimbardo has made very important contributions to our understanding of social influence

Question 127

Zimbardo has made very important contributions to our understanding of social influence, because it what?

Answer 127

Zimbardo has made very important contributions to our understanding of social influence, because it provides explanations

Question 128

Zimbardo has made very important contributions to our understanding of social influence, because it provides explanations, for example for what?

Answer 128

Zimbardo has made very important contributions to our understanding of social influence, because it provides explanations, for example for the guards at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq in 2004

Question 129

Zimbardo’s study was considered ethical, because he followed what?

Answer 129

Zimbardo’s study was considered ethical, because he followed the guidelines of the Stanford University ethics committee

Question 130

Zimbardo’s study was considered ethical, because he followed the guidelines of the Stanford University ethics committee that had done what?

Answer 130

Zimbardo’s study was considered ethical, because he followed the guidelines of the Stanford University ethics committee that had approved the research

Question 131

Zimbardo’s study was considered ethical, because he followed the guidelines of the Stanford University ethics committee that had done approved the research (it was funded with a what)?

Answer 131

Zimbardo’s study was considered ethical, because he followed the guidelines of the Stanford University ethics committee that had approved the research (it was funded with a government grant)

Question 132

As Zimbardo was also doing what, he was not able to fulfil his main what?

Answer 132

As Zimbardo was also conforming to the social role of prison superintendent, he was not able to fulfil his main ethical responsibility

Question 133

As Zimbardo was also conforming to the social role of prison superintendent, he was not able to fulfil his main ethical responsibility, which should have been what?

Answer 133

As Zimbardo was also conforming to the social role of prison superintendent, he was not able to fulfil his main ethical responsibility, which should have been the welfare of his participants

Question 134

Who carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK?

Answer 134

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK

Question 135

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
Who were selected from how many volunteers from an advert?

Answer 135

15 males between:
1. 22
2. 44
were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert

Question 136

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random what of what?

Answer 136

There was a random allocation of:

1. 9 prisoners
2. 6 guards

Question 137

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place where?

Answer 137

Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio

Question 138

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were what to impose authority over the prisoners?

Answer 138

The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners

Question 139

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners and the prisoners rapidly did what?

Answer 139

The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the:

1. Guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners
2. Prisoners rapidly took charge

Question 140

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners and the prisoners rapidly took charge.
Following the breakdown in authority, both groups attempted to do what?

Answer 140

Following the breakdown in authority, both groups attempted to establish an:
1. Equal
2. Fair
social system

Question 141

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners and the prisoners rapidly took charge.
Following the breakdown in authority, both groups attempted to establish an equal and fair social system.
This failed and what happened?

Answer 141

This failed and:

1. Some prisoners took charge
2. The experiment was cancelled

Question 142

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners and the prisoners rapidly took charge.
Following the breakdown in authority, both groups attempted to establish an equal and fair social system.
This failed and some prisoners took control and the experiment was cancelled.
Haslam suggests that tyranny may become acceptable when what happens?

Answer 142

Haslam suggests that tyranny may become acceptable when:
1. Law
2. Order
break down

Question 143

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners and the prisoners rapidly took charge.
Following the breakdown in authority, both groups attempted to establish an equal and fair social system.
This failed and some prisoners took control and the experiment was cancelled.
Haslam suggests that tyranny may become acceptable when law and order break down.
Prisoners in Haslam’s study were what?

Answer 143

Prisoners in Reicher and Haslam’s study were:

1. Tougher
2. Streetwise

Question 144

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners and the prisoners rapidly took charge.
Following the breakdown in authority, both groups attempted to establish an equal and fair social system.
This failed and some prisoners took control and the experiment was cancelled.
Haslam suggests that tyranny may become acceptable when law and order break down.
Prisoners in Reicher and Haslam’s study were tougher and streetwise.
In this prison, all participants wore what and were aware that they were what?

Answer 144

In this prison, all participants:

1. Wore microphones
2. Were aware that they were being filmed

Question 145

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners and the prisoners rapidly took charge.
Following the breakdown in authority, both groups attempted to establish an equal and fair social system.
This failed and some prisoners took control and the experiment was cancelled.
Haslam suggests that tyranny may become acceptable when law and order break down.
Prisoners in Reicher and Haslam’s study were tougher and streetwise.
In this prison, all participants wore microphones and were aware that they were being filmed, rather than through what in Zimbardo’s study?

Answer 145

In this prison, all participants:
1. Wore microphones
2. Were aware that they were being filmed
,rather than through hidden cameras in Zimbardo’s study

Question 146

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners and the prisoners rapidly took charge.
Following the breakdown in authority, both groups attempted to establish an equal and fair social system.
This failed and some prisoners took control and the experiment was cancelled.
Haslam suggests that tyranny may become acceptable when law and order break down.
Prisoners in Reicher and Haslam’s study were tougher and streetwise.
In this prison, all participants wore microphones and were aware that they were being filmed, rather than through hidden cameras in Zimbardo’s study.
However, the findings show that research can only be understood in the what?

Answer 146

The findings show that research can only be understood in the:
1. Social
2. Cultural
context that it takes place in

Question 147

Reicher and Haslam (2002) carried out Zimbardo’s prison simulation study in the UK.
15 males between 22 and 44 were selected from 500 volunteers from an advert.
There was a random allocation of 9 prisoners and 6 guards.
Reicher and Haslam’s study took place in a purpose built prison in a film studio.
The findings and conclusions of Reicher and Haslam’s study are that the guards were unwilling to impose authority over the prisoners and the prisoners rapidly took charge.
Following the breakdown in authority, both groups attempted to establish an equal and fair social system.
This failed and some prisoners took control and the experiment was cancelled.
Haslam suggests that tyranny may become acceptable when law and order break down.
Prisoners in Reicher and Haslam’s study were tougher and streetwise.
In this prison, all participants wore microphones and were aware that they were being filmed, rather than through hidden cameras in Zimbardo’s study.
However, the findings show that research can only be understood in the social and cultural context that it takes place in.
Social roles nowadays are different than in when?

Answer 147

Social roles nowadays are different than in the 1970s