1.2: Solomon Asch (1955) + Mori and Arai (2010) Flashcards
1
Q
Solomon Asch was a what?
A
Solomon Asch was a Polish immigrant to the USA
2
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed what with his groundbreaking research where?
A
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University
3
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
Asch also taught who?
A
Asch also taught Stanley Milgram
4
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
Asch also taught Stanley Milgram, who achieved later fame with his what?
A
Asch also taught Stanley Milgram, who achieved later fame with his studies of obedience
5
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing what?
A
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers
6
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
Asch criticised what?
A
Asch criticised research like Jenness’ that only involved:
- Ambiguous tasks
- Uncertain situations
7
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
Asch criticised research like Jenness’ that only involved ambiguous tasks and uncertain situations.
Beginning when, Asch conducted what?
A
Beginning in 1951, Asch conducted a series of experiments
8
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
Asch criticised research like Jenness’ that only involved ambiguous tasks and uncertain situations.
Beginning in 1951, Asch conducted a series of experiments, doing what as he progressed?
A
Beginning in 1951, Asch conducted a series of experiments:
1. Adding
2. Publishing
new data as he progressed
9
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
What was the aim of Asch’s study?
A
The aim of Asch’s study was to investigate the degree to which individuals would conform to a majority who gave obviously wrong answers
10
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
What was the method and procedure of Asch’s study?
A
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception
11
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that:
1. 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were what?
A
Individual participants were placed in groups with between:
1. 7
2. 9
others
12
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that:
1. 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat how?
A
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either:
1. In a line
Or,
2. Around a table
13
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that:
1. 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line, or around a table, who in reality were what?
A
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either: 1. In a line Or, 2. Around a table ,who in reality were confederates
14
Q
Confederates
A
Confederates are:
1. Individuals who pretend to be participants or researchers in research studies, but who are actually playing a part
Or,
2. Actors
15
Q
Confederates are individuals who pretend to be participants or researchers in research studies, but who are actually playing a part or actors.
Confederates are also known as what?
A
Confederates are also known as:
- Pseudo-participants
- Stooges
16
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that:
1. 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line, or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say what on 18 different trials?
A
The task was to say which comparison line:
1. A
2. B
Or,
3. C
,was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials
17
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that:
1. 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line, or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
How many of these were ‘critical’ trials?
A
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials
18
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that:
1. 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line, or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where what?
A
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where:
- Confederates gave identical wrong answers
- The naïve (real) participants always answered last or last but one
19
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that:
1. 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line, or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naïve (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
2. There was also a what?
A
There was also a control group of 36 participants
20
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that:
1. 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line, or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naïve (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
2. There was also a control group of 36 participants, who were what?
A
There was also a control group of 36 participants, who were tested individually on 20 trials
21
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The method and procedure of Asch’s study was that:
1. 123 American male student volunteers took part in what they were told was a study of visual perception.
Individual participants were placed in groups with between 7 and 9 others, sat either in a line, or around a table, who in reality were confederates.
The task was to say which comparison line, A, B or C, was the same as a stimulus line on 18 different trials.
12 of these were ‘critical’ trials, where confederates gave identical wrong answers and the naïve (real) participants always answered last or last but one.
2. There was also a control group of 36 participants, who were tested individually on 20 trials, to test what?
A
There was also a control group of 36 participants, who were tested individually on 20 trials, to test how accurate individual judgements were
22
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch’s study are that the control group had an error rate of what?
A
The findings of Asch’s study are that the control group had an error rate of only 0.04%
23
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch’s study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04%, which was what?
A
The findings of Asch’s study are that the control group had an error rate of only 0.04%, which was:
1. 3 mistakes
Out of
2. 720 trials
24
Q
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch’s study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows what?
A
The findings of Asch’s study are that the control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were
25
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch's study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were.
2. On the 12 critical trials, there was a what conformity rate to wrong answers?
The findings of Asch's study are that on the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers
26
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch's study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were.
2. On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
3. What participants conformed to at least one wrong answer?
The findings of Asch's study are that 75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer
27
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch's study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were.
2. On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
3. 75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer, meaning that 25% what?
The findings of Asch's study are that 75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer, meaning that 25% never conformed
28
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch's study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were.
2. On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
3. 75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
4. 5% of participants did what?
The findings of Asch's study are that 5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers
29
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch's study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were.
2. On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
3. 75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
4. 5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
5. What with participants found what?
The findings of Asch's study are that post-experiment interviews with participants found 3 reasons for conformity, distortion of:
1. Action
2. Perception
3. Judgement
30
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch's study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were.
2. On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
3. 75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
4. 5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
5. Post-experiment interviews with participants found 3 reasons for conformity, distortion of action, distortion of perception and distortion of judgement.
What is distortion of action?
Distortion of action is where the majority of participants who conformed did so:
1. Publicly
,But not
2. Privately
31
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch's study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were.
2. On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
3. 75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
4. 5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
5. Post-experiment interviews with participants found 3 reasons for conformity, distortion of action, distortion of perception and distortion of judgement.
Distortion of action is where the majority of participants who conformed did so publicly, but not privately, because they wished to avoid what?
```
Distortion of action is where the majority of participants who conformed did so:
1. Publicly
,But not
2. Privately
,because they wished to avoid ridicule
```
32
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch's study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were.
2. On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
3. 75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
4. 5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
5. Post-experiment interviews with participants found 3 reasons for conformity, distortion of action, distortion of perception and distortion of judgement.
What is distortion of perception?
Distortion of perception is where some participants:
1. Believed their perception must actually be wrong
2. So conformed
33
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The findings of Asch's study are that:
1. The control group had an error rate of only 0.04% (3 mistakes out of 720 trials), which shows how obvious the correct answers were.
2. On the 12 critical trials, there was a 32% conformity rate to wrong answers.
3. 75% of participants conformed to at least one wrong answer, meaning that 25% never conformed.
4. 5% of participants conformed to all 12 wrong answers.
5. Post-experiment interviews with participants found 3 reasons for conformity, distortion of action, distortion of perception and distortion of judgement.
What is distortion of judgement?
Distortion of judgement is where some participants:
1. Had doubts concerning the accuracy of their judgements
2. So conformed to the majority view
34
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The conclusions of Asch's study are that the judgments of individuals are affected by what?
The conclusions of Asch's study are that the judgments of individuals are affected by majority opinions
35
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The conclusions of Asch's study are that:
1. The judgments of individuals are affected by majority opinions, even when what?
The conclusions of Asch's study are that the judgments of individuals are affected by majority opinions, even when the majority are obviously wrong
36
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The conclusions of Asch's study are that:
1. The judgments of individuals are affected by majority opinions, even when the majority are obviously wrong.
2. There are big individual differences in what?
The conclusions of Asch's study are that there are big individual differences in the amount to which people are affected by majority influence
37
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The conclusions of Asch's study are that:
1. The judgments of individuals are affected by majority opinions, even when the majority are obviously wrong.
2. There are big individual differences in the amount to which people are affected by majority influence.
As most participants conformed publicly, but not privately, it suggests that they were motivated by what?
The conclusions of Asch's study are that as most participants conformed publicly, but not privately, it suggests that they were motivated by normative social influence (NSI)
38
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that Asch's method for studying conformity became a what?
The evaluation of Asch's study is that Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm
39
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the what?
The evaluation of Asch's study is that Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research
40
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is what?
The evaluation of Asch's study is that because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is:
1. Uneconomical
2. Time-consuming
41
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is uneconomical and time-consuming.
Who performed similar research?
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research
42
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is uneconomical and time-consuming.
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research, but improved on the procedure by doing what?
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research, but improved on the procedure by testing several participants at once
43
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is uneconomical and time-consuming.
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research, but improved on the procedure by testing several participants at once.
3. The situation was unrealistic and so lacked what?
The evaluation of Asch's study is that the situation:
1. Was unrealistic
2. So lacked mundane realism
44
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is uneconomical and time-consuming.
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research, but improved on the procedure by testing several participants at once.
3. The situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism.
It would be unusual to be in a situation where you would disagree so much with others as to what was what in a situation?
It would be unusual to be in a situation where you would disagree so much with others as to what was the 'correct' answer in a situation
45
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is uneconomical and time-consuming.
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research, but improved on the procedure by testing several participants at once.
3. The situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism.
It would be unusual to be in a situation where you would disagree so much with others as to what was the 'correct' answer in a situation.
4. Asch's study was what, because it involved deceit?
The evaluation of Asch's study is that Asch's study was unethical, because it involved deceit
46
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is uneconomical and time-consuming.
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research, but improved on the procedure by testing several participants at once.
3. The situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism.
It would be unusual to be in a situation where you would disagree so much with others as to what was the 'correct' answer in a situation.
4. Asch's study was unethical, because it involved deceit, as participants believed it was what?
The evaluation of Asch's study is that Asch's study was unethical, because it involved deceit, as participants believed it was a study of visual perception
47
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is uneconomical and time-consuming.
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research, but improved on the procedure by testing several participants at once.
3. The situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism.
It would be unusual to be in a situation where you would disagree so much with others as to what was the 'correct' answer in a situation.
4. Asch's study was unethical, because it involved deceit, as participants believed it was a study of visual perception.
It also involved what?
Asch's study also involved psychological harm
48
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is uneconomical and time-consuming.
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research, but improved on the procedure by testing several participants at once.
3. The situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism.
It would be unusual to be in a situation where you would disagree so much with others as to what was the 'correct' answer in a situation.
4. Asch's study was unethical, because it involved deceit, as participants believed it was a study of visual perception.
Asch's study also involved psychological harm, with participants put under what through what?
Asch's study also involved psychological harm, with participants put under stress through disagreeing with others
49
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
The evaluation of Asch's study is that:
1. Asch's method for studying conformity became a paradigm, the accepted way of conducting conformity research.
2. Because only one real participant is tested at a time, the procedure is uneconomical and time-consuming.
Crutchfield (1954) performed similar research, but improved on the procedure by testing several participants at once.
3. The situation was unrealistic and so lacked mundane realism.
It would be unusual to be in a situation where you would disagree so much with others as to what was the 'correct' answer in a situation.
4. Asch's study was unethical, because it involved deceit, as participants believed it was a study of visual perception.
Asch's study also involved psychological harm, with participants put under stress through disagreeing with others.
5. As the overall conformity rate on the critical trials was only 32%, what of the participants, the majority of people are actually what?
The evaluation of Asch's study is that as the overall conformity rate on the critical trials was only 32%, 1/3 of the participants, the majority of people are actually:
1. Not conformist
But
2. Independent
50
Mori and Arai (2010):
| Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of what?
Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of demand characteristics
51
Mori and Arai (2010):
Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of demand characteristics.
The confederates weren't what and therefore participants may have realised what?
The confederates weren't trained actors and therefore participants may have realised that the confederates' answers weren't real
52
Mori and Arai (2010):
Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of demand characteristics.
The confederates weren't trained actors and therefore participants may have realised that the confederates' answers weren't real and so just did what, as that is what they thought the researcher wanted them to do?
The confederates weren't trained actors and therefore participants:
1. May have realised that the confederates' answers weren't real
2. So just pretended to conform, as that is what they thought the researcher wanted them to do
53
Mori and Arai (2010):
Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of demand characteristics.
The confederates weren't trained actors and therefore participants may have realised that the confederates' answers weren't real and so just pretended to conform, as that is what they thought the researcher wanted them to do.
Mori and Arai's solution was what?
Mori and Arai's solution was the MORI technique
54
Mori and Arai (2010):
Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of demand characteristics.
Mori and Arai's solution was the MORI technique.
Participants wore what?
Participants wore filter glasses
55
Mori and Arai (2010):
Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of demand characteristics.
Mori and Arai's solution was the MORI technique.
Participants wore filter glasses, allowing them to do what?
Participants wore filter glasses, allowing them to:
1. Look at the same stimuli
,But
2. See different things
56
Mori and Arai (2010):
Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of demand characteristics.
Mori and Arai's solution was the MORI technique.
Participants wore filter glasses, allowing them to look at the same stimuli, but see different things.
One participant in each group did what?
One participant in each group wore different glasses
57
Mori and Arai (2010):
Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of demand characteristics.
Mori and Arai's solution was the MORI technique.
Participants wore filter glasses, allowing them to look at the same stimuli, but see different things.
One participant in each group wore different glasses, thus perceiving what?
One participant in each group wore different glasses, thus perceiving a different comparison line to match to the stimulus line
58
Mori and Arai (2010):
Asch's study became a paradigm study, but a major criticism was that of demand characteristics.
Mori and Arai's solution was the MORI technique.
Participants wore filter glasses, allowing them to look at the same stimuli, but see different things.
One participant in each group wore different glasses, thus perceiving a different comparison line to match to the stimulus line.
Asch's study also only used what, while this study additionally used what?
Asch's study also only used males, while this study additionally used females
59
Mori and Arai (2010):
| What was the aim of Mori and Arai's study?
The aim of Mori and Arai's study was to reproduce the Asch experiment, but without a need for confederates
60
Mori and Arai (2010):
| The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that what?
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4
61
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat where, with the seat order what?
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised
62
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud what?
Participants:
1. Sat around a table, with the seat order randomised
2. Had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line
63
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line.
The same what were used as in Asch's study?
The same:
1. Comparison
2. Stimulus
lines were used as in Asch's study
64
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line.
The same comparison and stimulus lines were used as in Asch's study.
2. Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent what?
Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare
65
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line.
The same comparison and stimulus lines were used as in Asch's study.
2. Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare, with the 3rd participant in each group wearing different glasses, which made them see what?
Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare, with the 3rd participant in each group wearing different glasses, which made them see a:
1. Shorter
Or,
2. Longer
comparison line to the other 3 participants
66
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line.
The same comparison and stimulus lines were used as in Asch's study.
2. Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare, with the 3rd participant in each group wearing different glasses, which made them see a shorter or longer comparison line to the other 3 participants on how many of how many 'critical' trials?
Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare, with the 3rd participant in each group wearing different glasses, which made them see a:
1. Shorter
Or,
2. Longer
comparison line to the other 3 participants on 12 of 18 'critical' trials
67
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line.
The same comparison and stimulus lines were used as in Asch's study.
2. Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare, with the 3rd participant in each group wearing different glasses, which made them see a shorter or longer comparison line to the other 3 participants on 12 of 18 'critical' trials.
The other 6 trials were what?
The other 6 trials were neutral
68
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line.
The same comparison and stimulus lines were used as in Asch's study.
2. Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare, with the 3rd participant in each group wearing different glasses, which made them see a shorter or longer comparison line to the other 3 participants on 12 of 18 'critical' trials.
The other 6 trials were neutral, where what?
The other 6 trials were neutral, where participants all saw the same thing
69
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line.
The same comparison and stimulus lines were used as in Asch's study.
2. Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare, with the 3rd participant in each group wearing different glasses, which made them see a shorter or longer comparison line to the other 3 participants on 12 of 18 'critical' trials.
The other 6 trials were neutral, where participants all saw the same thing.
3. Participants then answered what?
Participants then answered a questionnaire
70
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line.
The same comparison and stimulus lines were used as in Asch's study.
2. Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare, with the 3rd participant in each group wearing different glasses, which made them see a shorter or longer comparison line to the other 3 participants on 12 of 18 'critical' trials.
The other 6 trials were neutral, where participants all saw the same thing.
3. Participants then answered a questionnaire containing what?
Participants then answered a questionnaire containing 22 questions taken from the interview Asch used with his participants
71
Mori and Arai (2010):
The method and procedure of Mori and Arai's study was that:
1. 104 Japanese undergraduates were put in same-sex groups of 4.
Participants sat around a table, with the seat order randomised and had to say aloud which of 3 comparison lines matched a stimulus line.
The same comparison and stimulus lines were used as in Asch's study.
2. Participants wore sunglasses, supposedly to prevent glare, with the 3rd participant in each group wearing different glasses, which made them see a shorter or longer comparison line to the other 3 participants on 12 of 18 'critical' trials.
The other 6 trials were neutral, where participants all saw the same thing.
3. Participants then answered a questionnaire containing 22 questions taken from the interview Asch used with his participants.
Among the questions were ones asking whether participants what?
Among the questions were ones asking whether participants:
1. Were suspicious about the images seen
2. Had noticed the others answering differently
3. Were sure of their answers
4. Were influenced by the others' answers if not confident of their own judgements
72
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the what majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines did what how often?
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time
73
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant what?
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences
74
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences.
2. The what minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines did what how often?
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 26 minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 19.6% of the time
75
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences.
2. The 26 minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 19.6% of the time.
However, female minority participants answered incorrectly how often?
Female minority participants answered incorrectly 28.6% of the time
76
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences.
2. The 26 minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 19.6% of the time.
However, female minority participants answered incorrectly 28.6% of the time, while for males it was how often?
Female minority participants answered incorrectly 28.6% of the time, while for males it was only 5% of the time
77
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences.
2. The 26 minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 19.6% of the time.
However, female minority participants answered incorrectly 28.6% of the time, while for males it was only 5% of the time.
3. With females, the results were similar to what?
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that with females, the results were similar to Asch's
78
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences.
2. The 26 minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 19.6% of the time.
However, female minority participants answered incorrectly 28.6% of the time, while for males it was only 5% of the time.
3. With females, the results were similar to Asch's, with what how often?
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that with females, the results were similar to Asch's, with the majority conforming to wrong answers on the 12 critical trials an average of 4.41 times
79
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences.
2. The 26 minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 19.6% of the time.
However, female minority participants answered incorrectly 28.6% of the time, while for males it was only 5% of the time.
3. With females, the results were similar to Asch's, with the majority conforming to wrong answers on the 12 critical trials an average of 4.41 times, compared to what in Asch's study?
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that with females, the results were similar to Asch's, with the majority conforming to wrong answers on the 12 critical trials an average of 4.41 times, compared to 3.44 times in Asch's study
80
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences.
2. The 26 minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 19.6% of the time.
However, female minority participants answered incorrectly 28.6% of the time, while for males it was only 5% of the time.
3. With females, the results were similar to Asch's, with the majority conforming to wrong answers on the 12 critical trials an average of 4.41 times, compared to 3.44 times in Asch's study, but male conformity was not what?
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that with females, the results were similar to Asch's, with the majority conforming to wrong answers on the 12 critical trials an average of 4.41 times, compared to 3.44 times in Asch's study, but male conformity was not noticeable
81
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences.
2. The 26 minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 19.6% of the time.
However, female minority participants answered incorrectly 28.6% of the time, while for males it was only 5% of the time.
3. With females, the results were similar to Asch's, with the majority conforming to wrong answers on the 12 critical trials an average of 4.41 times, compared to 3.44 times in Asch's study, but male conformity was not noticeable.
This is what?
This is noteworthy
82
Mori and Arai (2010):
The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. The findings of Mori and Arai's study are that the 78 majority participants who saw the correct-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 8.2% of the time, with no significant gender differences.
2. The 26 minority participants who saw the different-sized comparison lines answered incorrectly 19.6% of the time.
However, female minority participants answered incorrectly 28.6% of the time, while for males it was only 5% of the time.
3. With females, the results were similar to Asch's, with the majority conforming to wrong answers on the 12 critical trials an average of 4.41 times, compared to 3.44 times in Asch's study, but male conformity was not noticeable.
Why is this noteworthy?
This is noteworthy, because all participants in Asch's study were male
83
Mori and Arai (2010):
| The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that minority participants noticed what?
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that minority participants noticed that their judgements were different
84
Mori and Arai (2010):
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. Minority participants noticed that their judgements were different, but none reported what?
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that minority participants noticed that their judgements were different, but none reported suspicions concerning the honesty of majority participants' answers
85
Mori and Arai (2010):
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. Minority participants noticed that their judgements were different, but none reported suspicions concerning the honesty of majority participants' answers, therefore it suggests what?
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that minority participants noticed that their judgements were different, but none reported suspicions concerning the honesty of majority participants' answers, therefore it suggests that demand characteristics did not occur
86
Mori and Arai (2010):
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. Minority participants noticed that their judgements were different, but none reported suspicions concerning the honesty of majority participants' answers, therefore it suggests that demand characteristics did not occur.
2. Unlike Asch's findings, the frequency of what was similar regardless of what?
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that unlike Asch's findings, the frequency of conformity of minority participants was similar regardless of whether:
1. The majority answered unanimously
Or,
2. Not
87
Mori and Arai (2010):
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. Minority participants noticed that their judgements were different, but none reported suspicions concerning the honesty of majority participants' answers, therefore it suggests that demand characteristics did not occur.
2. Unlike Asch's findings, the frequency of conformity of minority participants was similar regardless of whether the majority answered unanimously or not.
This suggests what?
This suggests that the number of people in a majority group has little effect on conformity levels
88
Mori and Arai (2010):
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. Minority participants noticed that their judgements were different, but none reported suspicions concerning the honesty of majority participants' answers, therefore it suggests that demand characteristics did not occur.
2. Unlike Asch's findings, the frequency of conformity of minority participants was similar regardless of whether the majority answered unanimously or not.
This suggests that the number of people in a majority group has little effect on conformity levels.
3. As women conformed more than men, it suggests that what have occurred since Asch's study?
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that as women conformed more than men, it suggests that:
1. Cultural
Or,
2. Generational
differences have occurred since Asch's study
89
Mori and Arai (2010):
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that:
1. Minority participants noticed that their judgements were different, but none reported suspicions concerning the honesty of majority participants' answers, therefore it suggests that demand characteristics did not occur.
2. Unlike Asch's findings, the frequency of conformity of minority participants was similar regardless of whether the majority answered unanimously or not.
This suggests that the number of people in a majority group has little effect on conformity levels.
3. As women conformed more than men, it suggests that cultural or generational differences have occurred since Asch's study.
4. As no majority participants laughed at the performance of minority participants, conformity cannot have occurred due to what?
The conclusions of Mori and Arai's study are that as no majority participants laughed at the performance of minority participants, conformity cannot have occurred due to fear of ridicule
90
Mori and Arai (2010):
| The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that this new procedure could provide what?
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that this new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity
91
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially where?
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that this new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in:
1. Natural settings
2. Social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical
92
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as what?
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that this new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in:
1. Natural settings
2. Social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children
93
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. The new procedure is still what?
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that the new procedure is still unethical
94
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. Why is the new procedure still unethical?
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that the new procedure is still unethical, because participants were deceived into thinking that the sunglasses were worn to prevent glare
95
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. The new procedure is still unethical, because participants were deceived into thinking that the sunglasses were worn to prevent glare.
3. Conformity may have occurred due to both what?
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that conformity may have occurred due to both:
1. Normative social influence (a desire to be accepted)
2. Informational social influence (a desire to be correct)
96
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. The new procedure is still unethical, because participants were deceived into thinking that the sunglasses were worn to prevent glare.
3. Conformity may have occurred due to both NSI (a desire to be accepted) and ISI (a desire to be correct).
4. Why do both Asch's and Mori and Arai's studies lack mundane realism?
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that both:
1. Asch's
2. Mori and Arai's
studies lack mundane realism, because comparing line sizes isn't something that is often done in real life
97
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. The new procedure is still unethical, because participants were deceived into thinking that the sunglasses were worn to prevent glare.
3. Conformity may have occurred due to both NSI (a desire to be accepted) and ISI (a desire to be correct).
4. Both Mori and Arai's studies lack mundane realism, because comparing line sizes isn't something that is often done in real life.
5. Mori and Arai's study may be more what?
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that Mori and Arai's study may be more externally valid
98
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. The new procedure is still unethical, because participants were deceived into thinking that the sunglasses were worn to prevent glare.
3. Conformity may have occurred due to both NSI (a desire to be accepted) and ISI (a desire to be correct).
4. Both Mori and Arai's studies lack mundane realism, because comparing line sizes isn't something that is often done in real life.
5. Mori and Arai's study may be more externally valid, because what?
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that Mori and Arai's study may be more externally valid, because the participants knew each other
99
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. The new procedure is still unethical, because participants were deceived into thinking that the sunglasses were worn to prevent glare.
3. Conformity may have occurred due to both NSI (a desire to be accepted) and ISI (a desire to be correct).
4. Both Mori and Arai's studies lack mundane realism, because comparing line sizes isn't something that is often done in real life.
5. Mori and Arai's study may be more externally valid, because the participants knew each other.
Real-life conformity tends to occur among what?
Real-life conformity tends to occur among acquainted people
100
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. The new procedure is still unethical, because participants were deceived into thinking that the sunglasses were worn to prevent glare.
3. Conformity may have occurred due to both NSI (a desire to be accepted) and ISI (a desire to be correct).
4. Both Mori and Arai's studies lack mundane realism, because comparing line sizes isn't something that is often done in real life.
5. Mori and Arai's study may be more externally valid, because the participants knew each other.
Real-life conformity tends to occur among acquainted people, like what?
Real-life conformity tends to occur among acquainted people, like family members
101
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. The new procedure is still unethical, because participants were deceived into thinking that the sunglasses were worn to prevent glare.
3. Conformity may have occurred due to both NSI (a desire to be accepted) and ISI (a desire to be correct).
4. Both Mori and Arai's studies lack mundane realism, because comparing line sizes isn't something that is often done in real life.
5. Mori and Arai's study may be more externally valid, because the participants knew each other.
Real-life conformity tends to occur among acquainted people, like family members, rather than where?
Real-life conformity tends to occur among acquainted people, like family members, rather than in Asch-type situations
102
Mori and Arai (2010):
The evaluation of Mori and Arai's study is that:
1. This new procedure could provide an effective means of examining conformity, especially in natural settings and in social situations where the use of confederates wouldn't be practical, such as with children.
2. The new procedure is still unethical, because participants were deceived into thinking that the sunglasses were worn to prevent glare.
3. Conformity may have occurred due to both NSI (a desire to be accepted) and ISI (a desire to be correct).
4. Both Mori and Arai's studies lack mundane realism, because comparing line sizes isn't something that is often done in real life.
5. Mori and Arai's study may be more externally valid, because the participants knew each other.
Real-life conformity tends to occur among acquainted people, like family members, rather than in Asch-type situations where what?
Real-life conformity tends to occur among acquainted people, like family members, rather than in Asch-type situations where decisions are made among strangers
103
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
Why did the participants conform so readily?
When they were interviewed after the experiment, most of the participants said that they did not really what?
When they were interviewed after the experiment, most of the participants said that they did not really believe their conforming answers
104
When did Asch's conformity study take place?
Asch's conformity study took place in 1955
105
When did Mori and Arai's conformity study take place?
Mori and Arai's conformity study took place in 2010
106
In Asch's 1955 conformity study, Asch found that with a partner, what percentage yielded to the group?
In Asch's 1955 conformity study, Asch found that with a partner, 5% yielded to the group
107
In Asch's 1955 conformity study, Asch found that with a partner, 5% yielded to the group, compared to what percentage without a partner?
In Asch's 1955 conformity study, Asch found that with a partner, 5% yielded to the group, compared to 32% without a partner
108
In Asch's 1955 conformity study, Asch found that with a partner, 5% yielded to the group, compared to 32% without a partner.
Asch also found out that you are how much more likely to not conform if you did what compared to saying it out loud?
Asch also found out that you are 2/3 more likely to not conform if you wrote it down compared to saying it out loud
109
In Asch's 1955 conformity study, Asch found that with a partner, 5% yielded to the group, compared to 32% without a partner.
Asch also found out that you are 2/3 more likely to not conform if you wrote it down compared to saying it out loud, because you are avoiding what?
Asch also found out that you are 2/3 more likely to not conform if you wrote it down compared to saying it out loud, because you are avoiding group embarassment
110
Solomon Asch, a Polish immigrant to the USA, transformed the study of social influence with his groundbreaking research at Harvard University.
1955:
Asch was interested in testing conformity to obviously incorrect answers.
Why did the participants conform so readily?
When they were interviewed after the experiment, most of the participants said that they did not really believe their conforming answers, but had done what for fear of being what?
When they were interviewed after the experiment, most of the participants said that they did not really believe their conforming answers, but had gone along with the group for fear of being:
1. Ridiculed
Or,
2. Thought of as 'peculiar'
