7.1: Self-report techniques Flashcards
Self-report techniques
Self-report techniques are research methods in which participants give information about themselves without researcher interference
Questionnaires
Questionnaires are a self-report method where participants record their own answers to a pre-set list of questions
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning what?
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning:
- Behaviour
- Opinions
- Attitudes
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning behaviour, opinions and attitudes.
Example
For example, Adorno’s (1950) F-scale questionnaire
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning behaviour, opinions and attitudes.
How many main types of questions are asked?
There are 2 main types of questions asked:
- Closed (fixed) questions
- Open questions
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning behaviour, opinions and attitudes.
There are 2 main types of questions asked - Closed (fixed) questions and open questions.
Closed (fixed) questions involve what?
Closed (fixed) questions involve:
1. Yes/No answers
Or,
2. A range of fixed responses
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning behaviour, opinions and attitudes.
There are 2 main types of questions asked - Closed (fixed) questions and open questions.
Closed (fixed) questions involve Yes/No answers, or a range of fixed responses.
They force participants to choose an option.
Such answers are easy to analyse, but do what?
Such answers are easy to analyse, but restrict participants’ answers
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning behaviour, opinions and attitudes.
There are 2 main types of questions asked - Closed (fixed) questions and open questions.
Open questions allow participants to do what?
Open questions allow participants to:
- Answer in their own words
- Elaborate on their answers and give more detail
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning behaviour, opinions and attitudes.
There are 2 main types of questions asked - Closed (fixed) questions and open questions.
Open questions allow participants to answer in their own words and elaborate on their answers and give more detail.
Open questions are more difficult to do what?
Open questions are more difficult to analyse
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning behaviour, opinions and attitudes.
There are 2 main types of questions asked - Closed (fixed) questions and open questions.
Open questions allow participants to answer in their own words and elaborate on their answers and give more detail.
Open questions are more difficult to analyse, but allow what?
Open questions are more difficult to analyse, but allow:
- Freedom of expression
- Greater depth of answers
With questionnaires, respondents record answers to a pre-set list of questions, usually concerning behaviour, opinions and attitudes.
There are 2 main types of questions asked - Closed (fixed) questions and open questions.
Open questions allow participants to answer in their own words and elaborate on their answers and give more detail.
Open questions are more difficult to analyse, but allow freedom of expression and greater depth of answers.
Example
For example:
- What kinds of music do you like
- Why?
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are what?
An advantage of questionnaires is that they are:
- Cheap
- Quick
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, what can be gathered in a short period?
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period.
Postal questionnaires can gain what for the cost of a stamp?
Postal questionnaires can gain relatively large samples for the cost of a stamp
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period.
Postal questionnaires can gain relatively large samples for the cost of a stamp.
With questionnaires, large amounts of data can be gathered quickly.
Postal and online questionnaires cost very little to get a lot of information.
2. Lack of what?
An advantage of questionnaires is lack of investigator effects
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period.
Postal questionnaires can gain relatively large samples for the cost of a stamp.
With questionnaires, large amounts of data can be gathered quickly.
Postal and online questionnaires cost very little to get a lot of information.
2. Lack of investigator effects.
Questionnaires can be completed how and without what?
Questionnaires can be completed:
- On your own
- Without researchers present
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period.
Postal questionnaires can gain relatively large samples for the cost of a stamp.
With questionnaires, large amounts of data can be gathered quickly.
Postal and online questionnaires cost very little to get a lot of information.
2. Lack of investigator effects.
Questionnaires can be completed on your own and without researchers present, so there is no influence from a researcher, which reduces investigator effects.
3. What analysis?
An advantage of questionnaires is:
1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative
analysis
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period.
Postal questionnaires can gain relatively large samples for the cost of a stamp.
With questionnaires, large amounts of data can be gathered quickly.
Postal and online questionnaires cost very little to get a lot of information.
2. Lack of investigator effects.
Questionnaires can be completed on your own and without researchers present, so there is no influence from a researcher, which reduces investigator effects.
3. Quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Closed questions are easy to do what?
Closed questions are easy to analyse statistically
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period.
Postal questionnaires can gain relatively large samples for the cost of a stamp.
With questionnaires, large amounts of data can be gathered quickly.
Postal and online questionnaires cost very little to get a lot of information.
2. Lack of investigator effects.
Questionnaires can be completed on your own and without researchers present, so there is no influence from a researcher, which reduces investigator effects.
3. Quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Closed questions are easy to analyse statistically, while open questions provide what?
Closed questions are easy to analyse statistically, while open questions provide:
1. Richer
2. Fuller
detail
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period.
Postal questionnaires can gain relatively large samples for the cost of a stamp.
With questionnaires, large amounts of data can be gathered quickly.
Postal and online questionnaires cost very little to get a lot of information.
2. Lack of investigator effects.
Questionnaires can be completed on your own and without researchers present, so there is no influence from a researcher, which reduces investigator effects.
3. Quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Closed questions are easy to analyse statistically, while open questions provide richer and fuller detail.
4. R what?
An advantage of questionnaires is replication
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period.
Postal questionnaires can gain relatively large samples for the cost of a stamp.
With questionnaires, large amounts of data can be gathered quickly.
Postal and online questionnaires cost very little to get a lot of information.
2. Lack of investigator effects.
Questionnaires can be completed on your own and without researchers present, so there is no influence from a researcher, which reduces investigator effects.
3. Quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Closed questions are easy to analyse statistically, while open questions provide richer and fuller detail.
4. Replication.
As questionnaires use what, they are what?
As questionnaires use standardised questions (the same for everyone), they are easy to replicate
Advantages of questionnaires:
1. They are cheap and quick.
Compared to other methods, large amounts of information can be gathered in a short period.
Postal questionnaires can gain relatively large samples for the cost of a stamp.
With questionnaires, large amounts of data can be gathered quickly.
Postal and online questionnaires cost very little to get a lot of information.
2. Lack of investigator effects.
Questionnaires can be completed on your own and without researchers present, so there is no influence from a researcher, which reduces investigator effects.
3. Quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Closed questions are easy to analyse statistically, while open questions provide richer and fuller detail.
4. Replication.
As questionnaires use standardised questions (the same for everyone), they are easy to replicate.
This is particularly true of what?
This is particularly true of questionnaires using closed questions
Weaknesses of questionnaires:
1. M what?
A weakness of questionnaires is misunderstanding
Weaknesses of questionnaires:
1. Misunderstanding.
Participants may do what?
Participants may misinterpret questions