7.2: Hypotheses Flashcards
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a precise, testable research prediction and statement of the relationship between 2 variables, the:
- Independent variable (IV)
- Dependent variable (DV)
A hypothesis is a precise, testable research prediction and statement of the relationship between 2 variables, the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV).
Example
For example, ‘caffeine consumption will affect reaction times’
A hypothesis is a precise, testable research prediction and statement of the relationship between 2 variables, the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV).
A hypothesis can be the what hypothesis?
A hypothesis can be the:
1. Experimental/alternative hypothesis
Or,
2. Null hypothesis
A hypothesis is a precise, testable research prediction and statement of the relationship between 2 variables, the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV).
A hypothesis can be the experimental/alternative hypothesis or the null hypothesis.
If a hypothesis is the experimental/alternative hypothesis, it will be a what hypothesis?
If a hypothesis is the experimental/alternative hypothesis, it will be a:
1. Directional (‘one-tailed’) hypothesis
Or,
2. Non-directional (‘two-tailed’) hypothesis
The experimental/alternative hypothesis predicts what?
The experimental/alternative hypothesis predicts that differences in the DV will be beyond the boundaries of chance (they will occur as a result of manipulation of the IV)
The experimental/alternative hypothesis predicts that differences in the DV will be beyond the boundaries of chance (they will occur as a result of manipulation of the IV).
The term ‘experimental hypothesis’ is only used with what?
The term ‘experimental hypothesis’ is only used with the experimental method
The experimental/alternative hypothesis predicts that differences in the DV will be beyond the boundaries of chance (they will occur as a result of manipulation of the IV).
The term ‘experimental hypothesis’ is only used with the experimental method.
Other research methods use the term what?
Other research methods use the term ‘alternative hypothesis’
The null hypothesis predicts what?
The null hypothesis predicts that the independent variable (IV) will not affect the dependent variable (DV)
The null hypothesis predicts that the independent variable (IV) will not affect the dependent variable (DV).
Any differences in results will be due to what?
Any differences in results will be due to chance factors
The null hypothesis predicts that the independent variable (IV) will not affect the dependent variable (DV).
Any differences in results will be due to chance factors, not what?
Any differences in results will be due to chance factors, not the manipulation of the independent variable (IV)
The null hypothesis predicts that the independent variable (IV) will not affect the dependent variable (DV).
Any differences in results will be due to chance factors, not the manipulation of the independent variable (IV), and will therefore be what?
Any differences in results will be due to chance factors, not the manipulation of the independent variable (IV), and will therefore be not significant
A directional (‘one-tailed’) hypothesis predicts what?
A directional (‘one-tailed’) hypothesis predicts the direction of the results
A non-directional (‘two-tailed’) hypothesis predicts what?
A non-directional (‘two-tailed’) hypothesis predicts that there will be a difference, but does not predict the direction of the results
How to write hypotheses:
To write a directional hypothesis, participants who what?
To write a directional hypothesis, participants who:
1. (IV a)
will (state how their DV will differ) compared to
2. (IV b)
How to write hypotheses:
To write a non-directional hypothesis, there will be what?
To write a non-directional hypothesis, there will be a difference in (DV performance) between:
- (IV a)
- (IV b)
Psychologists make the decision about which hypothesis to use based on what?
Psychologists make the decision about which hypothesis to use based on previous research
Psychologists make the decision about which hypothesis to use based on previous research.
If the previous research into a topic all suggests a particular outcome (meaning it all agrees) then what hypothesis will be chosen?
If the previous research into a topic all suggests a particular outcome (meaning it all agrees) then a directional hypothesis will be chosen
Psychologists make the decision about which hypothesis to use based on previous research.
If the previous research into a topic all suggests a particular outcome (meaning it all agrees) then a directional hypothesis will be chosen.
However, a non-directional hypothesis will be chosen if what?
A non-directional hypothesis will be chosen if:
1. The previous research is contradictory
Or,
2. There is limited research already
A directional ('one-tailed') hypothesis predicts the direction of the results.
It gets its name from what?A directional (‘one-tailed’) hypothesis gets its name from predicting the direction the results will go
The experimental/alternative hypothesis predicts that differences in the DV will be beyond the boundaries of chance (they will occur as a result of manipulation of the IV).
The term ‘experimental hypothesis’ is only used with the experimental method.
Other research methods use the term ‘alternative hypothesis,’ but the definition is what?
Other research methods use the term ‘alternative hypothesis,’ but the definition is the same
A hypothesis can be the experimental/alternative hypothesis or the null hypothesis.
One of the 2 hypotheses, null or experimental, will be what?
One of the 2 hypotheses, null or experimental, will be:
- Supported by the findings
- Thus be accepted
A hypothesis can be the experimental/alternative hypothesis or the null hypothesis.
One of the 2 hypotheses, null or experimental, will be supported by the findings and thus be accepted, with the other one being what?
One of the 2 hypotheses: 1. Null Or, 2. Experimental ,will be supported by the findings and thus be accepted, with the other one being rejected
A hypothesis can be the experimental/alternative hypothesis or the null hypothesis.
How many types of experimental/alternative hypotheses are there?
There are 2 types of experimental/alternative hypotheses:
- Directional (‘one-tailed’) hypothesis
- Non-directional (‘two-tailed’) hypothesis
