3.2: Other research Flashcards
Who (what year) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months?
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for: 1. 3 2. 6 3. 12 Or, 4. 24 months
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
What did these monkeys display signs of?
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, doing what?
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance:
- Hugging their own bodies
- Rocking repetitively
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were what and had no what?
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they:
- Were fearful of them
- Had no social interactions
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were fearful of them and had no social interactions, other than to do what?
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they:
- Were fearful of them
- Had no social interactions, other than to attack them
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were fearful of them and had no social interactions, other than to attack them.
What did they also do?
They also harmed themselves
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were fearful of them and had no social interactions, other than to attack them.
They also harmed themselves, doing what?
They also harmed themselves:
- Biting their arms and legs
- Pulling out their hair
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were fearful of them and had no social interactions, other than to attack them.
They also harmed themselves, biting their arms and legs and pulling out their hair.
What did the degree of damage correlate positively with?
The degree of damage correlated positively with the amount of total isolation a monkey had endured
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were fearful of them and had no social interactions, other than to attack them.
They also harmed themselves, biting their arms and legs and pulling out their hair.
The degree of damage correlated positively with the amount of total isolation a monkey had endured.
These monkeys, when adult, seemed to have no ability to engage in what?
These monkeys, when adult, seemed to have no ability to engage in sexual courtship
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were fearful of them and had no social interactions, other than to attack them.
They also harmed themselves, biting their arms and legs and pulling out their hair.
The degree of damage correlated positively with the amount of total isolation a monkey had endured.
These monkeys, when adult, seemed to have no ability to engage in sexual courtship.
Harlow, keen to see how they would cope as parents, devised what?
Harlow, keen to see how they would cope as parents, devised an apparatus he called a ‘rape rack’ to which female monkeys raised in isolation would be:
- Tied
- Forcibly mated
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were fearful of them and had no social interactions, other than to attack them.
They also harmed themselves, biting their arms and legs and pulling out their hair.
The degree of damage correlated positively with the amount of total isolation a monkey had endured.
These monkeys, when adult, seemed to have no ability to engage in sexual courtship.
Harlow, keen to see how they would cope as parents, devised an apparatus he called a ‘rape rack’ to which female monkeys raised in isolation would be tied and forcibly mated.
As parents, they were awful, doing what?
As parents, they were awful:
1. Abusing
2. Neglecting
their babies
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were fearful of them and had no social interactions, other than to attack them.
They also harmed themselves, biting their arms and legs and pulling out their hair.
The degree of damage correlated positively with the amount of total isolation a monkey had endured.
These monkeys, when adult, seemed to have no ability to engage in sexual courtship.
Harlow, keen to see how they would cope as parents, devised an apparatus he called a ‘rape rack’ to which female monkeys raised in isolation would be tied and forcibly mated.
As parents, they were awful, abusing and neglecting their babies.
Example
For example, one mother crushed her baby’s head to a pulp
Harlow et al. (1965) raised newborn monkeys in total isolation from other living beings for 3, 6, 12 or 24 months.
These monkeys displayed signs of psychological disturbance, hugging their own bodies and rocking repetitively.
When eventually placed with other monkeys, they were fearful of them and had no social interactions, other than to attack them.
They also harmed themselves, biting their arms and legs and pulling out their hair.
The degree of damage correlated positively with the amount of total isolation a monkey had endured.
These monkeys, when adult, seemed to have no ability to engage in sexual courtship.
Harlow, keen to see how they would cope as parents, devised an apparatus he called a ‘rape rack’ to which female monkeys raised in isolation would be tied and forcibly mated.
As parents, they were awful, abusing and neglecting their babies.
For example, one mother crushed her baby’s head to a pulp.
What do the findings suggest?
The findings suggest that social interactions are essential for normal:
1. Social
2. Emotional
development to occur
The findings of Harlow et al’s (1965) study suggest that social interactions are essential for normal social and emotional development to occur.
Who (what year) raised 4 newborn male monkeys in total isolation for 6 months and then placed each one with a normally raised 3 month old female ‘therapist’ monkey?
Harlow and Suomi (1972):
- Raised 4 newborn male monkeys in total isolation for 6 months
- Then placed each one with a normally raised 3 month old female ‘therapist’ monkey
The findings of Harlow et al’s (1965) study suggest that social interactions are essential for normal social and emotional development to occur.
Harlow and Suomi (1972) raised 4 newborn male monkeys in total isolation for 6 months and then placed each one with a normally raised 3 month old female ‘therapist’ monkey for how long?
Harlow and Suomi (1972):
- Raised 4 newborn male monkeys in total isolation for 6 months
- Then placed each one with a normally raised 3 month old female ‘therapist’ monkey for 2 hours 3 times a week
The findings of Harlow et al’s (1965) study suggest that social interactions are essential for normal social and emotional development to occur.
Harlow and Suomi (1972) raised 4 newborn male monkeys in total isolation for 6 months and then placed each one with a normally raised 3 month old female ‘therapist’ monkey for 2 hours 3 times a week, gradually doing what?
Harlow and Suomi (1972):
- Raised 4 newborn male monkeys in total isolation for 6 months
- Then placed each one with a normally raised 3 month old female ‘therapist’ monkey for 2 hours 3 times a week, gradually increasing the amount of contact time
The findings of Harlow et al’s (1965) study suggest that social interactions are essential for normal social and emotional development to occur.
Harlow and Suomi (1972) raised 4 newborn male monkeys in total isolation for 6 months and then placed each one with a normally raised 3 month old female ‘therapist’ monkey for 2 hours 3 times a week, gradually increasing the amount of contact time.
After 12 months, what happened?
After 12 months, their behaviour was almost normal
The findings of Harlow et al’s (1965) study suggest that social interactions are essential for normal social and emotional development to occur.
Harlow and Suomi (1972) raised 4 newborn male monkeys in total isolation for 6 months and then placed each one with a normally raised 3 month old female ‘therapist’ monkey for 2 hours 3 times a week, gradually increasing the amount of contact time.
After 12 months, their behaviour was almost normal and by 3 years old, what happened?
After 12 months, their behaviour was almost normal and by 3 years old, they:
- Had totally recovered
- Were able to live among normally raised monkeys
The findings of Harlow et al’s (1965) study suggest that social interactions are essential for normal social and emotional development to occur.
Harlow and Suomi (1972) raised 4 newborn male monkeys in total isolation for 6 months and then placed each one with a normally raised 3 month old female ‘therapist’ monkey for 2 hours 3 times a week, gradually increasing the amount of contact time.
After 12 months, their behaviour was almost normal and by 3 years old, they had totally recovered and were able to live among normally raised monkeys.
What does this suggest?
This suggests that the effects of total isolation are reversible
Evaluation:
Harlow’s isolation studies influenced who?
Harlow’s isolation studies influenced Bowlby
Evaluation:
Harlow’s isolation studies influenced Bowlby in doing what?
Harlow’s isolation studies influenced Bowlby in devising his maternal deprivation hypothesis
Evaluation:
Harlow’s isolation studies influenced Bowlby in devising his maternal deprivation hypothesis, where he saw what?
Harlow’s isolation studies influenced Bowlby in devising his maternal deprivation hypothesis, where he saw any disruption of the attachment bond as having serious, irreversible effects
Evaluation:
Who (what year), a student of Harlow’s, believes that Harlow’s research was so unjustifiably unethical that what was born out of it?
Sackett (2002), a student of Harlow’s, believes that Harlow’s research was so unjustifiably unethical that the American animal liberation movement was born out of it
Harlow’s research raises serious ethical concerns as to the degree of harm it caused to monkeys, many of whom died.
Harlow’s wife died in 1971 from cancer, plummeting him into severe depression (treated with electroconvulsive therapy, ECT), after which he developed a morbid interest in the origins of mental illness, which may explain his what?
Harlow’s wife died in 1971 from cancer, plummeting him into severe depression (treated with electroconvulsive therapy, ECT), after which he developed a morbid interest in the origins of mental illness, which may explain his:
- Isolation studies
- Inability to see the degree of harm they were causing
