2.4: Repression

Question 1

Repression

Answer 1

Repression is a type of motivated forgetting where emotionally threatening events are thought to be banished into the unconscious mind, to prevent the feelings of anxiety they might cause

Question 2

Another important explanation of forgetting in LTM is that of repression.
Repression is a type of motivated forgetting where emotionally threatening events are thought to be banished into the unconscious mind, to prevent the feelings of anxiety they might cause.
Although the repressed memories continue to affect what, they are difficult to what?

Answer 2

Although the repressed memories continue to affect conscious:
1. Thoughts
2. Desires
3. Actions
,they are difficult to retrieve

Question 3

Another important explanation of forgetting in LTM is that of repression.
Repression is a type of motivated forgetting where emotionally threatening events are thought to be banished into the unconscious mind, to prevent the feelings of anxiety they might cause.
Although the repressed memories continue to affect conscious thoughts, desires and actions, they are difficult to retrieve.
Why is this a controversial area?

Answer 3

This is a controversial area, because repressed memories ‘recovered’ during repressed memory therapy have often proved to be false

Question 4

Another important explanation of forgetting in LTM is that of repression.
Repression is a type of motivated forgetting where emotionally threatening events are thought to be banished into the unconscious mind, to prevent the feelings of anxiety they might cause.
Although the repressed memories continue to affect conscious thoughts, desires and actions, they are difficult to retrieve.
This is a controversial area, because repressed memories ‘recovered’ during repressed memory therapy have often proved to be false, a phenomenon known as what?

Answer 4

This is a controversial area, because repressed memories ‘recovered’ during repressed memory therapy have often proved to be false, a phenomenon known as false memory syndrome

Question 5

Another important explanation of forgetting in LTM is that of repression.
Repression is a type of motivated forgetting where emotionally threatening events are thought to be banished into the unconscious mind, to prevent the feelings of anxiety they might cause.
Although the repressed memories continue to affect conscious thoughts, desires and actions, they are difficult to retrieve.
This is a controversial area, because repressed memories ‘recovered’ during repressed memory therapy have often proved to be false, a phenomenon known as false memory syndrome.
The accusation here is that such therapists are doing what in clients?

Answer 5

The accusation here is that such therapists are unwittingly:
1. Suggesting
2. Planting
false memories in clients

Question 6

Who (what year) investigated repression in women who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults?

Answer 6

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults

Question 7

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
What % of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse?

Answer 7

38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse

Question 8

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, what % reported what?

Answer 8

38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it

Question 9

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it, but had now done what?

Answer 9

38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it, but had now ‘recovered’ the memories

Question 10

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it, but had now ‘recovered’ the memories.
Williams also found that the earlier the age the abuse had supposedly occurred, the more likely it was what?

Answer 10

Williams also found that the earlier the age the abuse had supposedly occurred, the more likely it was not remembered

Question 11

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it, but had now ‘recovered’ the memories.
Williams also found that the earlier the age the abuse had supposedly occurred, the more likely it was not remembered.
What do these findings suggest?

Answer 11

These findings suggest that painful memories can be:

1. Forgotten
2. Then later ‘recovered’

Question 12

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it, but had now ‘recovered’ the memories.
Williams also found that the earlier the age the abuse had supposedly occurred, the more likely it was not remembered.
These findings suggest that painful memories can be forgotten and then later ‘recovered,’ supporting what?

Answer 12

These findings suggest that painful memories can be:
1. Forgotten
2. Then later ‘recovered’
,supporting the concept of repression

Question 13

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it, but had now ‘recovered’ the memories.
Williams also found that the earlier the age the abuse had supposedly occurred, the more likely it was not remembered.
These findings suggest that painful memories can be forgotten and then later ‘recovered,’ supporting the concept of repression.
However, what is one criticism of Williams’ study?

Answer 13

One criticism of Williams’ study is that it is unknown if the original diagnoses of abuse were correct

Question 14

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it, but had now ‘recovered’ the memories.
Williams also found that the earlier the age the abuse had supposedly occurred, the more likely it was not remembered.
These findings suggest that painful memories can be forgotten and then later ‘recovered,’ supporting the concept of repression.
However, one criticism of Williams’ study is that it is unknown if the original diagnoses of abuse were correct.
It may be that some women didn’t have a memory of the abuse, because it simply what?

Answer 14

It may be that some women didn’t have a memory of the abuse, because it simply didn’t occur

Question 15

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it, but had now ‘recovered’ the memories.
Williams also found that the earlier the age the abuse had supposedly occurred, the more likely it was not remembered.
These findings suggest that painful memories can be forgotten and then later ‘recovered,’ supporting the concept of repression.
However, one criticism of Williams’ study is that it is unknown if the original diagnoses of abuse were correct.
It may be that some women didn’t have a memory of the abuse, because it simply didn’t occur, rather than having doing what?

Answer 15

It may be that some women didn’t have a memory of the abuse, because it simply didn’t occur, rather than having repressed the memory

Question 16

Williams (1994) investigated repression in woman who had been diagnosed as suffering childhood sexual assaults.
38% of the females had no recall of the earlier abuse and of those who did recall it, 16% reported that at one time they hadn’t been able to recall it, but had now ‘recovered’ the memories.
Williams also found that the earlier the age the abuse had supposedly occurred, the more likely it was not remembered.
These findings suggest that painful memories can be forgotten and then later ‘recovered,’ supporting the concept of repression.
However, one criticism of Williams’ study is that it is unknown if the original diagnoses of abuse were correct.
It may be that some women didn’t have a memory of the abuse, because it simply didn’t occur, rather than having repressed the memory.
It may also be possible that some women do remember being abused, but choose to do what, because they don’t wish to talk about it?

Answer 16

It may also be possible that some women do remember being abused, but choose to pretend to not remember it, because they don’t wish to talk about it

Question 17

Who (what year) found that many Second World War veterans who suffered battlefield trauma repressed the memories?

Answer 17

Karon and Widener (1997) found that many Second World War veterans who suffered battlefield trauma repressed the memories

Question 18

Karon and Widener (1997) found that many Second World War veterans who suffered battlefield trauma repressed the memories and the resulting mental disturbance was only relieved by what?

Answer 18

Karon and Widener (1997) found that:

1. Many Second World War veterans who suffered battlefield trauma repressed the memories
2. The resulting mental disturbance was only relieved by these memories being recovered in therapy

Question 19

Karon and Widener (1997) found that many Second World War veterans who suffered battlefield trauma repressed the memories and the resulting mental disturbance was only relieved by these memories being recovered in therapy, giving further support to what?

Answer 19

Karon and Widener (1997) found that:
1. Many Second World War veterans who suffered battlefield trauma repressed the memories
2. The resulting mental disturbance was only relieved by these memories being recovered in therapy
,giving further support to the validity of repression as an explanation of forgetting

Question 20

Who (what year) reviewed 60 years of research into repression?

Answer 20

Holmes (1990) reviewed 60 years of research into repression

Question 21

Holmes (1990) reviewed 60 years of research into repression and did not find what?

Answer 21

Holmes (1990) reviewed 60 years of research into repression and did not find any solid evidence of the phenomenon

Question 22

Holmes (1990) reviewed 60 years of research into repression and did not find any solid evidence of the phenomenon, weakening what?

Answer 22

Holmes (1990) reviewed 60 years of research into repression and did not find any solid evidence of the phenomenon, weakening support for the explanation

Question 23

Evaluation:

The idea of false memory syndrome is that it sees so-called ‘recovered’ memories as actually being what?

Answer 23

The idea of false memory syndrome is that it sees so-called ‘recovered’ memories as actually being false memories

Question 24

Evaluation:
The idea of false memory syndrome is that it sees so-called ‘recovered’ memories as actually being false memories created through what?

Answer 24

The idea of false memory syndrome is that it sees so-called ‘recovered’ memories as actually being false memories created through leading questions asked by therapists

Question 25

Evaluation:
The idea of false memory syndrome is that it sees so-called ‘recovered’ memories as actually being false memories created through leading questions asked by therapists.
Although some practitioners still argue that the technique is a valid one, the use of recovered memories as a psychotherapeutic technique is banned by what?

Answer 25

Although some practitioners still argue that the technique is a valid one, the use of recovered memories as a psychotherapeutic technique is banned by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)

Question 26

Evaluation:
The idea of false memory syndrome is that it sees so-called ‘recovered’ memories as actually being false memories created through leading questions asked by therapists.
Although some practitioners still argue that the technique is a valid one, the use of recovered memories as a psychotherapeutic technique is banned by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and what does the British Psychological Society (BPS) say?

Answer 26

Although some practitioners still argue that the technique is a valid one, the:

1. Use of recovered memories as a psychotherapeutic technique is banned by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)
2. British Psychological Society (BPS) says that there is no evidence to support the concept of recovered memories

Question 27

Evaluation:
Several successful court cases have been fought in the USA where people convicted on the basis of recovered memories have shown this to be what?

Answer 27

Several successful court cases have been fought in the USA where people convicted on the basis of recovered memories have shown this to be false

Question 28

Evaluation:
Several successful court cases have been fought in the USA where people convicted on the basis of recovered memories have shown this to be false and have won what?

Answer 28

Several successful court cases have been fought in the USA where people convicted on the basis of recovered memories have:

1. Shown this to be false
2. Won huge sums in compensation

Question 29

Evaluation:
Several successful court cases have been fought in the USA where people convicted on the basis of recovered memories have shown this to be false and have won huge sums in compensation, weakening what?

Answer 29

Several successful court cases have been fought in the USA where people convicted on the basis of recovered memories have:
1. Shown this to be false
2. Won huge sums in compensation
,weakening support for the concept of repression