2.3: Procedural LTM Flashcards
Procedural memory (PM)
Procedural memory (PM) is a type of LTM for:
- The performance of particular types of action
- Our knowledge of how to do things
Procedural memory (PM) is a type of LTM for the performance of particular types of action and our knowledge of how to do things. This includes our memories of what?
This includes our memories of learned skills
Procedural memory (PM) is a type of LTM for the performance of particular types of action and our knowledge of how to do things.
This includes our memories of learned skills.
Procedural memories are usually recalled how?
Procedural memories are usually recalled without making a: 1. Conscious Or, 2. Deliberate effort
Procedural LTM is a type of what memory?
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little what?
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example what?
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur when?
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving what?
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like what?
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like:
1. Walking
2. Dressing
,ect
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in what?
Procedural LTM is also involved in language
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to do what?
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using what without thinking how to?
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using:
1. Grammar
2. Syntax
without thinking how to
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using grammar and syntax without thinking how to.
What does this show?
This shows how:
1. Procedural
2. Semantic
memories work together
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using grammar and syntax without thinking how to.
This shows how procedural and semantic memories work together.
As procedural memory doesn’t require conscious thought, it permits people to do what?
As procedural memory doesn’t require conscious thought, it permits people to simultaneously perform other cognitive tasks
Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using grammar and syntax without thinking how to.
This shows how procedural and semantic memories work together.
As procedural memory doesn’t require conscious thought, it permits people to simultaneously perform other cognitive tasks that what?
As procedural memory doesn’t require conscious thought, it permits people to simultaneously perform other cognitive tasks that require attention
Procedural LTM is associated mainly with the what brain areas of what?
Procedural LTM is associated mainly with the neocortex brain areas of the:
- Primary motor cortex
- Cerebellum
- Prefrontal cortex
Procedural LTM is associated mainly with the neocortex brain areas of the primary motor cortex, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex and, unlike explicit forms of LTM, doesn’t need what to function?
Procedural LTM is associated mainly with the neocortex brain areas of the:
1. Primary motor cortex
2. Cerebellum
3. Prefrontal cortex
and, unlike explicit forms of LTM, doesn’t need the hippocampus to function
Who (what year) reported the case study of PM?
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, who?
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered what after contracting encephalitis?
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in what?
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in severe amnesia
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in severe amnesia.
His what LTM were very affected?
His:
1. Episodic
2. Semantic
LTM were very affected
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in severe amnesia.
His episodic and semantic LTM were very affected, but although he could not remember what, such as the names of what, his ability to do what was unaffected?
His episodic and semantic LTM were very affected, but although he could not remember musical facts, such as the names of famous composers, his ability to:
1. Read
2. Play
music was unaffected
Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in severe amnesia.
His episodic and semantic LTM were very affected, but although he could not remember musical facts, such as the names of famous composers, his ability to read and play music was unaffected, including what?
His episodic and semantic LTM were very affected, but although he could not remember musical facts, such as the names of famous composers, his ability to:
1. Read
2. Play
music was unaffected, including the learning of new complex pieces
Who (what year) compared how many heavy cocaine users with how many non-abusing controls?
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared:
1. 37 heavy cocaine users
with
2. 27 non-abusing controls
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on what?
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared: 1. 37 heavy cocaine users with 2. 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for how long?
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared: 1. 37 heavy cocaine users with 2. 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period after doing what?
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared: 1. 37 heavy cocaine users with 2. 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period after abstaining from the drug
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period after abstaining from the drug.
What was the interesting finding?
The interesting finding was that the former cocaine users showed a faster increase in procedural memory ability than non-users
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period after abstaining from the drug.
The interesting finding was that the former cocaine users showed a faster increase in procedural memory ability than non-users.
What does abstinence from cocaine cause?
Abstinence from cocaine causes dopamine production to be much increased
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period after abstaining from the drug.
The interesting finding was that the former cocaine users showed a faster increase in procedural memory ability than non-users.
As abstinence from cocaine causes dopamine production to be much increased, what does this suggest?
As abstinence from cocaine causes dopamine production to be much increased, this suggests that dopamine plays a part in procedural LTM
Evaluation:
One problem in deciding which brain areas are involved in procedural memory is what?
One problem in deciding which brain areas are involved in procedural memory is the relative lack of research
Evaluation:
One problem in deciding which brain areas are involved in procedural memory is the relative lack of research.
What is needed?
What is needed are case studies of people with brain damage that affects:
1. Procedural memory
,but not
2. Explicit memory (semantic and episodic memory)
Evaluation:
One problem in deciding which brain areas are involved in procedural memory is the relative lack of research.
What is needed are case studies of people with brain damage that affects procedural memory, but not explicit memory (semantic and episodic memory).
However, such cases are what?
Such cases are rare
Evaluation:
Procedural memories generally take what than explicit memory abilities?
Procedural memories generally take longer to learn than explicit memory abilities
Evaluation:
Procedural memories generally take longer to learn than explicit memory abilities.
Why may this be?
This may be because procedural memory involves:
- Motor functions
- Spatial abilities
Evaluation:
Procedural memories generally take longer to learn than explicit memory abilities.
This may be because procedural memory involves motor functions and spatial abilities, while explicit memory tends not to (though the learning of procedural memories can also involve what, too)?
This may be because procedural memory involves:
1. Motor functions
2. Spatial abilities
,while explicit memory tends not to (though the learning of procedural memories can also involve higher-level processing, too)
A good example of procedural memory
A good example of procedural memory is driving a car
A good example of procedural memory is driving a car.
Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on what?
Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on procedural memory
A good example of procedural memory is driving a car.
Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on procedural memory.
Example
For example, we:
- Change gear without having to recall how
- Indicate left or right at a junction without even realising we’ve done so
A good example of procedural memory is driving a car.
Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on procedural memory.
For example, we change gear without having to recall how and we indicate left or right at a junction without even realising we’ve done so.
These are the sorts of skills we might even find what?
These are the sorts of skills we might even find quite hard to explain to someone else
A good example of procedural memory is driving a car.
Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on procedural memory.
For example, we change gear without having to recall how and we indicate left or right at a junction without even realising we’ve done so.
These are the sorts of skills we might even find quite hard to explain to someone else.
If you try to describe what you are doing as you do what, the task may well do what?
If you try to describe what you are doing as you drive the car, the task may well become more difficult
