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A Level AQA Psychology COPY > 2.3: Procedural LTM > Flashcards

2.3: Procedural LTM Flashcards

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1
Q

Procedural memory (PM)

A

Procedural memory (PM) is a type of LTM for:

  1. The performance of particular types of action
  2. Our knowledge of how to do things
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2
Q 
Procedural memory (PM) is a type of LTM for the performance of particular types of action and our knowledge of how to do things.
This includes our memories of what?
A

This includes our memories of learned skills

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3
Q

Procedural memory (PM) is a type of LTM for the performance of particular types of action and our knowledge of how to do things.
This includes our memories of learned skills.
Procedural memories are usually recalled how?

A 
Procedural memories are usually recalled without making a:
1. Conscious
Or,
2. Deliberate
effort
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4
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of what memory?

A

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory

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5
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little what?

A

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought

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6
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example what?

A

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike

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7
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur when?

A

Many procedural LTMs occur early in life

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8
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving what?

A

Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills

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9
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like what?

A

Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like:
1. Walking
2. Dressing
,ect

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10
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in what?

A

Procedural LTM is also involved in language

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11
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to do what?

A

Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically

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12
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using what without thinking how to?

A

Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using:
1. Grammar
2. Syntax
without thinking how to

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13
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using grammar and syntax without thinking how to.
What does this show?

A

This shows how:
1. Procedural
2. Semantic
memories work together

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14
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using grammar and syntax without thinking how to.
This shows how procedural and semantic memories work together.
As procedural memory doesn’t require conscious thought, it permits people to do what?

A

As procedural memory doesn’t require conscious thought, it permits people to simultaneously perform other cognitive tasks

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15
Q

Procedural LTM is a type of implicit memory, permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious thought, for example riding a bike.
Many procedural LTMs occur early in life, involving the learning of important motor skills, like walking, dressing, ect.
Procedural LTM is also involved in language, helping individuals to speak automatically, using grammar and syntax without thinking how to.
This shows how procedural and semantic memories work together.
As procedural memory doesn’t require conscious thought, it permits people to simultaneously perform other cognitive tasks that what?

A

As procedural memory doesn’t require conscious thought, it permits people to simultaneously perform other cognitive tasks that require attention

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16
Q

Procedural LTM is associated mainly with the what brain areas of what?

A

Procedural LTM is associated mainly with the neocortex brain areas of the:

  1. Primary motor cortex
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Prefrontal cortex
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17
Q

Procedural LTM is associated mainly with the neocortex brain areas of the primary motor cortex, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex and, unlike explicit forms of LTM, doesn’t need what to function?

A

Procedural LTM is associated mainly with the neocortex brain areas of the:
1. Primary motor cortex
2. Cerebellum
3. Prefrontal cortex
and, unlike explicit forms of LTM, doesn’t need the hippocampus to function

18
Q

Who (what year) reported the case study of PM?

A

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM

19
Q

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, who?

A

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist

20
Q

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered what after contracting encephalitis?

A

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis

21
Q

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in what?

A

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in severe amnesia

22
Q

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in severe amnesia.
His what LTM were very affected?

A

His:
1. Episodic
2. Semantic
LTM were very affected

23
Q

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in severe amnesia.
His episodic and semantic LTM were very affected, but although he could not remember what, such as the names of what, his ability to do what was unaffected?

A

His episodic and semantic LTM were very affected, but although he could not remember musical facts, such as the names of famous composers, his ability to:
1. Read
2. Play
music was unaffected

24
Q

Finke et al. (2012) reported the case study of PM, a 68 year old professional cellist, who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis, resulting in severe amnesia.
His episodic and semantic LTM were very affected, but although he could not remember musical facts, such as the names of famous composers, his ability to read and play music was unaffected, including what?

A

His episodic and semantic LTM were very affected, but although he could not remember musical facts, such as the names of famous composers, his ability to:
1. Read
2. Play
music was unaffected, including the learning of new complex pieces

25
Q

Who (what year) compared how many heavy cocaine users with how many non-abusing controls?

A

Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared:
1. 37 heavy cocaine users
with
2. 27 non-abusing controls

26
Q

Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on what?

A 
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared:
1. 37 heavy cocaine users
with
2. 27 non-abusing controls
on memory ability
27
Q

Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for how long?

A 
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared:
1. 37 heavy cocaine users
with
2. 27 non-abusing controls
on memory ability for a 45 day period
28
Q

Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period after doing what?

A 
Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared:
1. 37 heavy cocaine users
with
2. 27 non-abusing controls
on memory ability for a 45 day period after abstaining from the drug
29
Q

Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period after abstaining from the drug.
What was the interesting finding?

A

The interesting finding was that the former cocaine users showed a faster increase in procedural memory ability than non-users

30
Q

Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period after abstaining from the drug.
The interesting finding was that the former cocaine users showed a faster increase in procedural memory ability than non-users.
What does abstinence from cocaine cause?

A

Abstinence from cocaine causes dopamine production to be much increased

31
Q

Van Gorp et al. (1999) compared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-abusing controls on memory ability for a 45 day period after abstaining from the drug.
The interesting finding was that the former cocaine users showed a faster increase in procedural memory ability than non-users.
As abstinence from cocaine causes dopamine production to be much increased, what does this suggest?

A

As abstinence from cocaine causes dopamine production to be much increased, this suggests that dopamine plays a part in procedural LTM

32
Q

Evaluation:

One problem in deciding which brain areas are involved in procedural memory is what?

A

One problem in deciding which brain areas are involved in procedural memory is the relative lack of research

33
Q

Evaluation:
One problem in deciding which brain areas are involved in procedural memory is the relative lack of research.
What is needed?

A

What is needed are case studies of people with brain damage that affects:
1. Procedural memory
,but not
2. Explicit memory (semantic and episodic memory)

34
Q

Evaluation:
One problem in deciding which brain areas are involved in procedural memory is the relative lack of research.
What is needed are case studies of people with brain damage that affects procedural memory, but not explicit memory (semantic and episodic memory).
However, such cases are what?

A

Such cases are rare

35
Q

Evaluation:

Procedural memories generally take what than explicit memory abilities?

A

Procedural memories generally take longer to learn than explicit memory abilities

36
Q

Evaluation:
Procedural memories generally take longer to learn than explicit memory abilities.
Why may this be?

A

This may be because procedural memory involves:

  1. Motor functions
  2. Spatial abilities
37
Q

Evaluation:
Procedural memories generally take longer to learn than explicit memory abilities.
This may be because procedural memory involves motor functions and spatial abilities, while explicit memory tends not to (though the learning of procedural memories can also involve what, too)?

A

This may be because procedural memory involves:
1. Motor functions
2. Spatial abilities
,while explicit memory tends not to (though the learning of procedural memories can also involve higher-level processing, too)

38
Q

A good example of procedural memory

A

A good example of procedural memory is driving a car

39
Q

A good example of procedural memory is driving a car.

Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on what?

A

Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on procedural memory

40
Q

A good example of procedural memory is driving a car.
Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on procedural memory.
Example

A

For example, we:

  1. Change gear without having to recall how
  2. Indicate left or right at a junction without even realising we’ve done so
41
Q

A good example of procedural memory is driving a car.
Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on procedural memory.
For example, we change gear without having to recall how and we indicate left or right at a junction without even realising we’ve done so.
These are the sorts of skills we might even find what?

A

These are the sorts of skills we might even find quite hard to explain to someone else

42
Q

A good example of procedural memory is driving a car.
Our ability to do this (eventually) depends on procedural memory.
For example, we change gear without having to recall how and we indicate left or right at a junction without even realising we’ve done so.
These are the sorts of skills we might even find quite hard to explain to someone else.
If you try to describe what you are doing as you do what, the task may well do what?

A

If you try to describe what you are doing as you drive the car, the task may well become more difficult

A Level AQA Psychology COPY (145 decks)

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