2.2: The phonological loop (PL)

Question 1

Phonological loop (PL)

Answer 1

The phonological loop (PL) is a component of the WMM that deals with auditory information

Question 2

The phonological loop (PL) is a component of the WMM that deals with auditory information, so coding is what?

Answer 2

The phonological loop (PL) is a component of the WMM that deals with auditory information, so coding is acoustic

Question 3

The phonological loop (PL) deals with what?

Answer 3

The phonological loop (PL) deals with:

1. Auditory information
2. The order of the information

Question 4

The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like what?

Answer 4

The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred:
1. Before
Or,
2. After
each other

Question 5

The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the what of the MSM?

Answer 5

The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM

Question 6

The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a what capacity?

Answer 6

The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity

Question 7

The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by what?

Answer 7

The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds

Question 8

The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds.
As the phonological loop (PL) is mainly an acoustic store, what occur with what?

Answer 8

As the phonological loop (PL) is mainly an acoustic store, confusions occur with similar sounding words

Question 9

Who (what year) divided the phonological loop (PL) into what?

Answer 9

Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the:

1. Primary acoustic store (PAS)
2. Articulatory process (AP)

Question 10

Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or what, does what?

Answer 10

1. The primary acoustic store (PAS)
   Or,
2. Inner ear
   ,stores words recently heard

Question 11

Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard, while the articulatory process (AP), or what, does what?

Answer 11

The:
1. Primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard
,while
2. Articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information

Question 12

Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard, while the articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information and is linked to what?

Answer 12

The:
1. Primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard
,while
2. Articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information and is linked to speech production

Question 13

Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard, while the articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information and is linked to speech production.
The articulatory process (AP) allows what?

Answer 13

The articulatory process (AP) allows maintenance rehearsal

Question 14

Baddeley (1986) divided the phonological loop (PL) into 2 sub-parts, the primary acoustic store (PAS) and the articulatory process (AP).
The primary acoustic store (PAS), or inner ear, stores words recently heard, while the articulatory process (AP), or inner voice, keeps information in the phonological loop (PL) through sub-vocal repetition of information and is linked to speech production.
The articulatory process (AP) allows maintenance rehearsal.
What is this?

Answer 14

This is repeating:
1. Sounds
Or,
2. Words
in a 'loop' to keep them in working memory while they are needed

Question 15

Research:

Who (what year) reported a case study of who?

Answer 15

Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC

Question 16

Research:

Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had what?

Answer 16

Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of his phonological loop (PL)

Question 17

Research:
Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of his phonological loop (PL), but not his what?

Answer 17

Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of:
1. His phonological loop (PL)
,but
2. Not his visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)

Question 18

Research:
Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of his phonological loop (PL), but not his visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS), suggesting what?

Answer 18

Trojani and Grossi (1995) reported a case study of SC, who had brain damage affecting the functioning of:
1. His phonological loop (PL)
,but
2. Not his visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)
,suggesting that the phonological loop (PL) was a separate system

Question 19

The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds.
If the word is what, it is what to remember?

Answer 19

If the word is polysyllabic (more than one syllable), it is harder to remember

Question 20

The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds.
If the word is polysyllabic (more than one syllable), it is harder to remember.
This makes it hard to remember and store a list of what words such as what?

Answer 20

This makes it hard to remember and store a list of long words such as:

1. ‘Association’
2. ‘Representative’

Question 21

The phonological loop (PL) deals with auditory information and the order of the information, like whether words occurred before or after each other.
The phonological loop (PL) is similar to the rehearsal system of the MSM, with a limited capacity determined by the amount of information that can be spoken out loud in about 2 seconds.
If the word is polysyllabic (more than one syllable), it is harder to remember.
This makes it hard to remember and store a list of long words such as ‘association’ and ‘representative,’ because what?

Answer 21

This makes it hard to remember and store a list of long words such as:
1. ‘Association’
2. ‘Representative’
,because rehearsal of the word takes longer than 2 seconds

Question 22

Research:

Who (what year) reported on the word length effect

Answer 22

Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect

Question 23

Research:

Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where what?

Answer 23

Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words

Question 24

Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that what?

Answer 24

Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words

Question 25

Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words, rather than what?

Answer 25

Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by:
1. How long it takes to say words
,rather than
2. The actual number of words

Question 26

Evaluation:

What scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing what tasks?

Answer 26

PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing:
1. Verbal
2. Visual
tasks

Question 27

Evaluation:

PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing verbal and visual tasks, which suggests what?

Answer 27

PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing verbal and visual tasks, which suggests that the:
1. Phonological loop (PL)
2. Visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)
are separate systems

Question 28

Evaluation:
PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing verbal and visual tasks, which suggests that the phonological loop (PL) and the visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS) are separate systems, reflected in what?

Answer 28

PET scans show that different brain areas are activated when doing verbal and visual tasks, which suggests that the:
1. Phonological loop (PL)
2. Visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)
are separate systems, reflected in the biology of the brain

Question 29

Evaluation:

The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with what?

Answer 29

The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language

Question 30

Evaluation:
The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language, with the development of the slave system seen as producing what?

Answer 30

The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language, with the development of the slave system seen as producing a significant increase in the short-term ability to remember vocalisations

Question 31

Evaluation:
The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language, with the development of the slave system seen as producing a significant increase in the short-term ability to remember vocalisations.
This then helped what?

Answer 31

This then helped the learning of more complex language abilities

Question 32

Evaluation:
The phonological loop (PL) is strongly associated with the evolution of human vocal language, with the development of the slave system seen as producing a significant increase in the short-term ability to remember vocalisations.
This then helped the learning of more complex language abilities, such as what?

Answer 32

This then helped the learning of more complex language abilities, such as:

1. Grammar
2. Expressing meaning

Question 33

Primary acoustic store (PAS)

Answer 33

The primary acoustic store (PAS) is a part of the phonological loop that stores words recently heard

Question 34

Articulatory process (AP)

Answer 34

The articulatory process (AP) is a part of the phonological acoustic store that allows sub-vocal repetition of information within the store

Question 35

The phonological loop (PL) contributes to our learning of what?

Answer 35

The phonological loop (PL) contributes to our learning of the sounds of language (phonology)

Question 36

The phonological loop (PL) contributes to our learning of the sounds of language (phonology).
How does this happen?

Answer 36

It accesses LTM to:
1. Store
2. Retrieve
information about language sounds

Question 37

The phonological loop (PL) contributes to our learning of the sounds of language (phonology).
It accesses LTM to store and retrieve information about language sounds.
This allows us to do what?

Answer 37

This allows us to develop our vocabulary:

1. As children
2. In a foreign language as adults

Question 38

Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words, rather than the actual number of words.
The word length effect disappears if a person is given what?

Answer 38

The word length effect disappears if a person is given an articulatory suppression task

Question 39

Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words, rather than the actual number of words.
The word length effect disappears if a person is given an articulatory suppression task.
What is this?

Answer 39

This is a repetitive task that ties up the articulatory process

Question 40

Research:
Baddeley et al. (1975) reported on the word length effect, where participants recalled more short words in serial order than longer words, supporting the idea that the capacity of the phonological loop (PL) is set by how long it takes to say words, rather than the actual number of words.
The word length effect disappears if a person is given an articulatory suppression task.
This is a repetitive task that ties up the articulatory process.
Example

Answer 40

For example:
1. Doing a task
,while
2. Saying 'la la la'
means that your articulatory process is kept busy