Padiatrics OTC - Vaccinations Flashcards
What vaccines are recommended for 8 weeks? (3)
6-in-1 vaccine (single jab)
Rotavirus (oral)
Men B
What vaccines are recommended for 12 weeks? (3)
6 in 1 vaccine (2nd dose)
Rotavirus (2nd dose)
PCV (1st dose)
What vaccines are recommended for 16 weeks? (2)
6 in 1 vaccine (3rd dose)
MenB (2nd dose)
What vaccines are recommended for 1 year? (4)
Hib/MenC single jab (1st dose Men C and 4th dose Hib)
MMR (1st dose)
PCV (2nd dose)
Men B (3rd dose)
What vaccines are recommended for 2-15 yrs? (1)
Flu (annually) - nasal delivery
What vaccine is recommended for 3 yrs and 4 months? (2)
MMR (2nd dose)
4-in-1 pre-school booster
What vaccines are recommended for 12-13 yrs? (1)
HPV (girls and boys)
What vaccines are recommended for 14 years? (2)
3-in-1 teenage booster
MenACWY
What are the c/i of immunisation? (2)
Acute illness
Previous severe reaction to vaccine
Which patients should not be given a live vaccine? (1)
Immunocompromised
What type of vaccine should not be given to immunocompromised patients? (1)
Live vaccine
Define rotavirus. (1)
Cause of gastroenteritis (children/infants)
What risk can Rotavirus-caused D+V cause? (1)
Severe dehydration
How is Rotavirus transmitted? (1)
Faecal-oral but respiratory transmission.
At which time of year does the Rotavirus rate increase? (1)
January to March
Which patients will be more likely to get the virus? (1)
Children (3 years)
How long does the symptoms of Rotavirus last for? (1)
3-8 days
Explain how the Rotavirus vaccine is administered? (4)
Oral at 8 weeks.
No restrictions on food/drink consumption before or after administration.
Postponing vaccination - no need due to minor illness but effectiveness can reduced if it passes through the intestine too quickly.
Postpone (diarrhoea) but first dose must be given between by 6-15 weeks.
Explain how the second dose of Rotavirus vaccine is administered. (4)
3 months or after 4 weeks from 1st dose. Received before 24 weeks of age.
Both doses prior to 16 weeks to delivery full protection before main risk of infection.
Vaccine is excreted via stools can be transmitted through close contact. Hand hygiene = recommended.
Define Fluenz. (1)
A nasal vaccine of LAIV strains.
Who is eligible for Fluenz vaccine? (1)
Children 2-16 years.
Explain the process of administering the Fluenz vaccine. (2)
Via nasal vaccine.
Child can breathe normally during administration and doesn’t need to inhale or sniff.
Patient with a heavily blocked/runny nose, should receive vaccine once symptoms have cleared.
What are the c/i of the Fluenz vaccine? (5)
Immunocompromised e.g. Leukaemia, untreated HIV, high dose steroids.
< 2 yrs
Receiving aspirin or salicylates (high risk of Reyes)
Egg/gelatin allergy
Pregnancy
Children actively wheezing or severe asthma.
Explain how Men B is administered. (1)
Single injection to the left thigh.
What factor can increase the babies risk of developing a fever? (1)
Bexsero vaccine is administered at the same time as other vaccines.
What does PHE guidelines recommend after administering Men B vaccine? (3)
Give 3 doses of infant paracetamol as a prophylactic measure against fever.
1 dose at the time of vaccination or shortly afterwards then 2 further doses in 4-6 hrs intervals.
Does exceed and overrides currently licensing terms of infant paracetamol, restricted to max 2 doses post-immunisation in babies 2-4 months.
What are some issues regarding general immunisation? (7)
Localised pain + swelling (3-4 hrs, resolves within 24 hrs - prolonged swelling requires medical attention.)
Fever (prophylactic paracetamol isn’t recommended unless Men B vaccine is given at the same time. For vaccines when Men B isn’t given, give a dose of paracetamol if the child exhibits a fever, repeat after 4-6 hrs =seek medical attention of fever persistent.)
Rare:
- Fainting
- Hyperventilation
- True anaphylaxis
- MMR (5-10 days after injection may be mild attack of measles - malaise, fever, rash)
