Biochemical Tests 1: Magnesium + Phosphate Flashcards
Explain the main function of magnesium. (1)
Transports calcium and potassium ions across cell membranes - needed for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction and normal heart rhythm.
Where is Mg excreted? (1)
Kidneys
What factors can reduce Mg levels? (3)
Diuretics
Liver Disease
Diarrhoea
What factor can increase Mg levels? (1)
Renal impairment
Explain the general relationship between Mg, Ca + K+. (2)
Magnesium helps transport Ca2+ and K+ ions in and out of the cells.
Hence, if Mg levels are low so are Ca+ and Mg levels.
What the are the initial s/s of hypomagnesemia? (4)
Appetite loss
Nausea
Vomiting
Fatigue
What s/s indicate increased severity for hypomagnesemia? (5)
Numbness
Tingling
Muscle Cramps/Contractions
Seizures
Personality changes
Give e.g. of at risk px groups of developing hypomagnesemia. (4)
T2DM
GI disease
Alcohol dependence
Older adults
Explain the main function of phosphate. (3)
Maintains energy levels.
Muscle and nerve function
Bone growth
What factors can change phosphate levels? (3)
CKD
Changes in PTH levels.
Metabolic + respiratory changes.
What is the reference range for mild hypophosphatemia? (1)
0.6-0.79mmol/L
What is the reference range for moderate hypophosphatemia? (1)
0.3-0.59mmol/L
What is the reference range for severe hypophosphatemia? (1)
< 0.3mmol/L
Explain the management process of mild hypophosphatemia. (1)
No treatment needed.
Explain the management process of moderate hypophosphatemia. (1)
Phosphate Sandoz 1-2 tablets TDS.
Explain the management process of severe hypophosphatemia. (1)
Sodium glycerophosphate 21.6%, IV 40mmol given as:
2 x 20mmol/L (20ml) in 500ml glucose over 12 hrs (Normal renal function)
