Biochemical Tests 1: Chloride, Bicarbonate, Urea

Question 1

w. is the reference range of Chloride? (1)

Answer 1

95-105mmol/L

Question 2

What are the causes of high chloride? (2)

Answer 2

Increased ingestion
Dehydration

Question 3

What are the causes of low chloride? (3)

Answer 3

Diuresis
Diarrhoea
Dehydration

Question 4

W. is the reference range of Bicarbonate? (1)

Answer 4

24-30mmol/L

Question 5

W. are the causes of high bicarbonate levels? (5)

Answer 5

Increased antacid intake
Diuretics (thiazide/loop)
Reduced K+
Vomiting
Metabolic Acidosis

Question 6

W. are the causes of low bicarbonate levels? (5)

Answer 6

Diarrhoea
Renal Failure
Diabetes
Metabolic Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 7

W. is the s/s of high bicarbonate levels? (1)

Answer 7

Vomiting

Question 8

W. is the s/s of low bicarbonate levels? (3)

Answer 8

Headaches,
Drowsiness,
Coma (severe acidosis)

Question 9

W. is urea? (1)

Answer 9

Product of protein metabolism.

Question 10

What are the causes of high urea? (6)

Answer 10

Renal Failure
Sepsis
Urinary Tract Obstruction
CCF
Dehydration
GI Bleed

Question 11

W. are the causes of low urea levels? (5)

Answer 11

Pregnancy
Low protein intake
Chronic Liver Disease
Over-hydration
Starvation