8 - Gynae - Disorders of the Urinary Tract - Ix of UT Flashcards
Urine dipstick - tests for 5 things in urine? essential when pt presents w ? Sx
- what = infection - if +ve what is sent for?
- What = DM?
- what gives haematuria?
glucose, blood, nitrites, leucocytes, protein urinary nitrites - M+C+S glycosuria bladder Ca or calculi
Urinary diary - what does pt record? for how long? what info do you get from it?
How to exclude chronic retention?
a week
time and vol of fluid intake and micturition
info about drinking habits, freq and bladder capacity
post micturition USS or catheterisation
USS - excludes ? bladder emptying, checks for ? ?, calculi, ? and ? ? of kidneys
incomplete
congen abnormalities
tumours
cortical scarring of kidneys
AXR - diagnose ? ? and ?
CT Urogram - with what? what is examined?
foreign bodies and calculi
contrast
integrity and route of ureters
Methylene dye test - ? dye installed to ?, looking for ?-urethral ? eg ? seen
Cystoscopy - inspection of bladder cavity to exclude ?, ?, ?, ?, ?? - but little indication of bladder performance.
blue
bladder
non-urethral leakage
fistulae
tumours, cystitis, stones, fistulae, surgical mistakes
Urodynamic studies - what is specific test called?
- done ? to surgery for ? incontinence or for women whose ? is refractory.
- done w/ or w/o ? ?
- what does this test directly measure? how?
cystometry
prior, stress, OAB,
video imaging
bladder pressure as its filled and provoked by coughing (via catheter) , intra abdo pressure too (transducer in rectum/vagina)
Urodynamic studies - true ? pressure calculated by ? pressure MINUS ? pressure
- detrusor shouldnt alter with ? or ??
- what shows urodynamic stress incontinence?
- what shows detrusor overactivity?
- how does detrusor overactivity present?
detrusor
vesical - abdo
filling/incr IAP
USI = leaking with coughing and w/o detrusor contraction
DO = invol detrusor contraction (anytime or after cough)
- initial urgency - then incontinence if bladder press > urethra
