6 - ENT - Upper airway - OSA - Complications, Assessment, Management

Question 1

neurocognitive consequences

Answer 1

deterioration in memory, concentration, and intellectual capability

Question 2

CV consequences

Answer 2

HTN, possibly, IHD, CVA

Question 3

Other consequences

Answer 3

impotence, GORD

Question 4

What is looked at/for in physical examination

Answer 4

endoscopy of airway and tonsils
exam of mandible and tongue
hypothyroid? acromegaly?

Question 5

What 5 other assessments can be done

Answer 5

sleep studies
polysomnography
epworth sleepiness scale
ambulatory pulse oximetry
upper airway pressure assessment

Question 6

sleep study vs polysomnography

Answer 6

ss - overnight studies - ECG, sats, movement, AV recordings

polyss - extended sleep study, EEG, electrooculogram

Question 7

management of simple snoring and OSAHS

Answer 7

ss - lifestyle, oral devices, some surgery

OSAHS - gold standard is CPAP

Question 8

Lifestyle changes for managing OSA

Answer 8

lose weight, decrease alcohol, smoking, avoid sedatives, sleep on side, partner sleep first using ear plugs

Question 9

conservative mgmt of OSA

Answer 9

jaw advancement devices, nasal splints

Question 10

medical mgmt of OSA

Answer 10

resp stimulants - increase upper airway tone

CPAP

Question 11

what 6 surgical mgmt procedures can be done

Answer 11

ADENOTONSILLECTOMY
nasal - polypectomy, turbinectomy
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
radiofrequency procdures 
maxillofacial surgery
tracheostomy as last resort