5 - PSY - Intellectual Disability Flashcards
what is ID? 3 criteria
IQ <70
deficits in adaptive behaviour
onset of intellectual impairment before 18
the 4 classifications of ID
mild, moderate, severe, profound
IQ scores for the different classifications?
mild - 50-69
mod - 35-49
sev - 20-34
profound - <20
Mild ID - common features
often not recognised as disabled
only need help if problems arise
often can sustain relationships and hold routine job
Mod ID - common features
often autonomy in ADL with some supervision
communication adequate
do simple household jobs
Work - may need supervision and sheltering
Sev ID - common features
ADL help, may be able to wash and usually continent - often physically disabled
limited communication
continuous care normally
Profound ID - common features
Total/extensive ADL help
minimal communication
continuous care
ID - epidemiology - 3 things
M>F
^ in lower SE classes
ass w overcrowding, poverty, irregular unskilled employment
Chromosomal and genetic causes of ID
Downs Fragile X Cri du chat Tuberous sclerosis Neurofibromatosis Phenylketonuria
Most common cause of ID? 2nd?
1 - Downs
2 - Fragile X
Pre-natal aetiology of ID
placental insufficiency foetal alcohol syndrome Pre-eclampsia Congenital Hypothyroidism Infections - CMV syphilis rubella etc
Peri-natal aetiology of ID
Hyperbilirubinaemia
Intraventricular haemorrhage
birth trauma and hypoxia
Post natal aetiology of ID
head injury, brain infection, neglect and abuse, chronic lead poisoning, malnutrition, childhood brain tumour
Concept of risk assessment and management plan? RAAMP
collect evidence, iD triggers and context, plan consequences, develop strategies to minimise risky behaviour
Three classical impairments in Autism
Social interaction
communication
imagination/repetition/routines
Classical features of Aspergers syndrome
- good speech, long winded and literal
- long monologues
- monotonous
- good memories, not interested in wider application
- lack of common sense in social interactions
- physically clumsy
- intelligence - varied, normally at least average
Autism management basic principles
personal space
quiet location
day organisation
space for rituals
activities within capabilities
physical activity to reduce challenging behaviour
treat other physically illness (epilepsy)
Behavioural approach has two parts - they are?
graded change and setting limits
Other aspects of managing autism
Education
parent counselling important
meds not v useful
Risk of mental illness in ID is how many times higher?
x3
How is depression different in ID
agitation may lead to wandering
exaggerated need for sameness
depressive and suicidal ideas are rare and poorly planned
How is Mania/bipolar different in ID
Challenging behaviour
giggling
Disinhibition - more so
delusions not as elaborate
How is schiz different in ID
difficult to diagnose if IQ <45 less elaborate delusions hallucinations more simple and repetitive thought disorder less common earlier stage of onset
Challenging behaviour?
general term used to describe undesirable behaviour, in ID - can be caused by many other things
what is more likely in severe ID
epilepsy
