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Question 1

DNA is tightly coiled around proteins called ___

Answer 1

histones

Question 2

Duplicated chromosomes are called ____& are held together by the ___

Answer 2

chromatids

centromere

Question 3

First 22 pairs of chromosomes are called

Last pair are the ___ chromosomes

XX ____or XY _____

Answer 3

autosomes

sex

XX female or XY male

Question 4

_____involves a single cell dividing to make 2 new, identical daughter cells

Ex: Asexual reproduction

Answer 4

Asexual reproduction

Question 5

____reproduction involves two cells (egg & sperm) joining to make a new cell (zygote) that is NOT identical to the original cells

Ex: Meiosis

Answer 5

Sexual

Question 6

Prokaryotes such as bacteria divide into 2 identical cells by the process of

Answer 6

binary fission

Question 7

FIVE PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE

G1 - primary growth phase
S – synthesis; DNA replicated
G2 - secondary growth phase
collectively these 3 stages are called interphase
M - mitosis
C - cytokinesis

Answer 7

G1 - primary growth phase
S – synthesis; DNA replicated
G2 - secondary growth phase
collectively these 3 stages are called interphase
M - mitosis
C - cytokinesis

Question 8

What phase in Cell Cycle?

1st growth stage after cell division
Cells mature by making more cytoplasm & organelles
Cell carries on its normal metabolic activities

Answer 8

Interphase - G1 Stage

Question 9

What phase in Cell Cycle?
2nd Growth Stage
Occurs after DNA has been copied
All cell structures needed for division are made (e.g. centrioles)
Both organelles & proteins are synthesized

Answer 9

Interphase – G2 Stage

Question 10

What phase in Cell Cycle?

Synthesis stage
DNA is copied or replicated

Answer 10

Interphase – S Stage

Question 11

Division of the nucleus
Also called karyokinesis
Only occurs in eukaryotes
Has four stages
Doesn’t occur in some cells such as brain cells

Answer 11

Mitosis

Question 12

FOUR MITOTIC STAGES?

1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 12

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Question 13

What mitotic phase?

Chromatin in nucleus condenses to form visible chromosomes

Mitotic spindle forms from fibers in cytoskeleton or centrioles (animal)

Answer 13

Early Prophase

Question 14

What mitotic phase?

Nuclear membrane & nucleolus are broken down (disintegrate)
Chromosomes continue condensing & are clearly visible
Spindle fibers called kinetochores attach to the centromere of each chromosome
Spindle finishes forming between the poles of the cell

Answer 14

Late Prophase

Question 14

What mitotic phase?

Occurs rapidly
Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by kinetochore fibers

Centromeres divide into two

Answer 14

Anaphase

Question 15

What mitotic phase?

Chromosomes, attached to the kinetochore fibers, move to the center of the cell
Chromosomes are now lined up at the equator

Answer 15

Metaphase

Question 16

What mitotic phase?

Sister chromatids at opposite poles

Spindle disassembles

Nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids

Nucleolus reappears

CYTOKINESIS occurs

Chromosomes reappear as chromatin

Answer 16

Telophase

Question 17

Means division of the cytoplasm

Division of cell into two, identical halves called daughter cells

In plant cells, cell plate forms at the equator to divide cell

In animal cells, cleavage furrow forms to split cell

Answer 17

Cytokinesis

Question 18

are special proteins that increase the chance that a normal cell develops into a tumor cell

Answer 18

Oncogenes

Question 19

_____ is the process of duplicating a chromosome

Occurs prior to division

Replicated copies are called sister _____

Held together at____

Answer 19

Replication

chromatids

centromere

Question 20

produces gametes with
one copy of each chromosome and thus one copy of each gene.

Answer 20

Meiosis II

Question 21

Wnat process?

Occurs in the testes

Two divisions produce 4 spermatids

Spermatids mature into sperm

Men produce about 250,000,000 sperm per day

Answer 21

Spermatogenesis

Question 22

Wnat process?

Occurs in the ovaries

Two divisions produce 3 polar bodies that die and 1 egg

Polar bodies die because of unequal division of cytoplasm

Immature egg called oocyte
Starting at puberty, one oocyte matures into an ovum (egg) every 28 days

Answer 22

Oogenesis