THOP6 Flashcards
his basic thesis is that modern-day people have been torn away
from their prehistoric union with nature and also with one another.
His humanistic psychoanalysis assumes
that humanity’s separation from the
natural world has produced feelings of
loneliness and isolation, a condition
called basic anxiety.
ERICH FROMM
The human ability to reason, therefore, is both a blessing and a curse. On one hand, it permits people to
survive, but on the other, it forces them to attempt to solve basic insoluble dichotomies. From called this
____’. Humans cannot do away with these __
1) Life and Death
2) humans are capable of conceptualizing the goal of complete self-realization, but we also are aware that life is too short to reach that goal
3) people are ultimately alone, yet we cannot tolerate isolation.
‘existential dichotomies
HUMAN NEED
the drive for union with another
person or other persons
Relatedness
- When a
submissive person and a domineering
person find each other.
Although it may be gratifying, it
blocks growth toward integrity and
psychological health.
People are drawn
to one another not by love but
by a desperate need for relatedness, a need
that can never be completely satisfied
by such a partnership.
Symbiotic relationship
Fromm believed that ____ is the only route by which a person can become united
with the world and, at the same time, achieve individuality and integrity. He defined
____ as a “union with somebody, or something outside oneself under the condition
of retaining the separateness and integrity of one’s own self”
love
HUMAN NEED
defined as the urge to rise above a passive and accidental existence and into “the
realm of purposefulness and freedom”
Positive: Creating life - through reproduction or create art, religions, ideas, laws,
material production, and love
Negative: Destruction - malignant aggression: that is, to kill for reasons other
than survival.
Transcendence
HUMAN NEED
the need to establish roots or to feel at home again in the world.
Positive: the need to establish bonds or ties with others
that provide emotional security and serve to reduce the
isolation and insignificance that Fromm believed were
at the heart of human existence.
Negative: Incestuous ties or fixation - the condition in
which an individual remains psychologically dependent
on the mother, family, or symbolic substitute to the
extent that healthy involvement with others and with
society is inhibited or precluded
Rootedness
HUMAN NEED
the capacity to be aware of
ourselves as a separate entity.
Positive: Healthy people have less need to
conform to the herd, less need to give up their
sense of self. They do not have to surrender
their freedom and individuality in order to fit
into society because they possess an
authentic______
Negative: Neurotics try to attach themselves
to powerful people or to social or
political institutions.
Sense of Identity
HUMAN NEED
the need of a person to develop and synthesise their major assumptions and ideas into a coherent view of the world.
A road map without a goal or destination is worthless. Humans have the mental capacity to imagine many alternative paths to follow.
According to Fromm, this goal or object of devotion focuses people’s energies in a single direction, enables us to transcend our isolated existence, and confers meaning to our lives.
Frame of Orientation
they are free from the security of being one with the
mother. On both a social and an individual level, this
__ results in basic anxiety, the feeling
of being alone in the world.
Burden of Freedom
MECHANISMS OF ESCAPE
it seeks to do away with other people. By destroying people and objects, a person or a nation attempts to
restore lost feelings of power. However, by destroying other persons or nations, destructive
people eliminate much of the outside world and thus acquire a type of perverted isolation.
Destructiveness
MECHANISMS OF ESCAPE
People who conform try to escape from a
sense of aloneness and isolation by giving up their individuality and becoming
whatever other people desire them to be.
Conformity
A person “can be free and not alone, critical
and yet not filled with doubts, independent
and yet an integral part of mankind”
People can attain this kind of freedom,
called ____
positive freedom
TYPE OF NON PRODUCTIVE ORIENTATION
they feel that the source of all good lies outside themselves and
that the only way they can relate to the world is to receive things, including love,
knowledge, and material possessions.
Receptive
TYPE OF NON PRODUCTIVE ORIENTATION
they believe that the source of all good is outside themselves. In their social relationships, they are likely to use cunning or force to take someone else’s spouse, ideas, or property.
Exploitative
