BPHYQ1 Flashcards
are our body’s temperature, pulse, respiration, BP ,pulse oximetry
may be observed, measured, and monitored to assess an individual’s level of physical functioning.
Vital signs or cardinal signs
The relationship between vital signs and neurological function is based on
hemodynamics
Without adequate cerebral perfusion pressure, ____________develops, affecting cerebral metabolism, and neurological dysfunction occurs.
cerebral ischemia
temperature of the deep tissues inside human body.
Core temperature –
temperature of the skin, subcutaneous, and fats.
Surface temperature –
is primarily produced by metabolism.
Body heat
The heat regulating system is found in the _________
hypothalamus
the rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going, such as breathing and keeping warm.
BMR ( Basal Metabolic Rate)
Neurovital Signs and Its Clinical Implications
_________ should be recorded in flow sheet and shivering should be prevented because it increases (ICP) Intra-cranial Pressure.
Temperature –
Neurovital Signs and Its Clinical Implications
_______ abnormally Low Body temperature ( like people with spinal shock, metabolic/toxic coma, destructive brainstem or hypothalamic lesion)
Hypothermia –
Neurovital Signs and Its Clinical Implications
_________ Abnormally High Body temperature ( like people with infectious origins, drug-induced (Dilantin, analgesics, anticholinergics, and antibiotics), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (related to use of antipsychotic drugs).
Hyperthermia
TYPES OF FEVER
Temperature goes up and down reaching normal level then up again within 24hr span…( eq. malarial fever. dengue fever)
Intermittent :
TYPES OF FEVER
Temperature fluctuating up and down but does not reach normal level within 24 hr span. …(eq. typhoid, T.B.)
Remittent :
TYPES OF FEVER
Fever: (also called recurrent), temperature goes up in 5 days then down in 5 days….(eq. rat bite )
Relapsing
TYPES OF FEVER
constantly high or subnormal body temperature that does not change. ( eq. typhoid, pneumonia, viral infection)
Constant Fever : (also called continuous),
Temperature is measured in either Celsius or Fahrenheit, with a fever defined as greater then _______ or _________
38-38.5 C or
101-101.5 F.
________ can be taken by mouth using classic glass mercury-filled or digital thermometers.
Most accessible and convenient method
Oral temperature
________ a special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the ear drum, which reflects the body’s core temperature
By ear (in ear/tympanic thermometer)
________ a special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the ear drum, which reflects the body’s core temperature
By ear (in ear/tympanic thermometer)
A fever is indicated when body temperature rises above _____ orally or _____ rectally
98.6° F orally or 99.8° F rectally
NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE
Oral –
Axillary -
Rectal –
Tympanic -
Oral – 36.5°C – 37.5°C
Axillary - 35.8°C – 37°C
Rectal – 37°C – 38.1°C
Tympanic - 36.8°C – 37.8°C
The ____________ is the number of breaths a person takes per minute.
respiration rate
Three Process of breathing
______ - movement of gases in and out of the lungs
- Inhation (inspiration)
- Exhalation (expiration)
Ventilation
Three Process of breathing
– exchange of gases from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Alveoli-capillary membrane.
Diffusion
Three Process of breathing
– movement of blood for transport of gases, nutrients and metabolic waste products.
Perfusion
Two types of Breathing
Involves movement of the chest
Costal
Two types of Breathing
Involves movement of the abdomen
Diaphragmatic
ASSESSING RESPIRATION
1, Rate ______ normal beats per min _____. In a newborn ______
- Depth _______
- Rhythm _______
- Quality or Character _______
ASSESSING RESPIRATION
1, Rate ( actual breaths per minute)
Normal= 12- 20 per min. Newborn 30-60
- Depth ( shallow or deep)
- Rhythm (regular or irregular)
- Quality or Character ( noisy or quiet)
difficulty of breathing
DYSPNEA:
abnormally high respiratory rate.
above -21 bpm
TACHYPNEA:
abnormally low respiratory rate .
below 12 bpm
BRADYPNEA:
Respiration rates over ________ breaths per minute (when at rest) may be considered abnormal
25 or under 12
It is a wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart.
PULSE
The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from ______ beats per minute. (Newborn _____ bpm)
60 to 100
Newborn 100 -160 bpm
In _______ , the pulse volume is relatively low
hypovolemia
______ – abnormally high heart rate. May indicate hypoxia, increasing ICP & internal bleeding.
Tachycardia
_______ – abnormally low heart rate. Indicates later stages of progressive increased ICP .
Bradycardia
Is the force exerted by the blood in the arteries during heart contraction and relaxation
Blood pressure
BP = _________
Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral Resistance
– Is the pressure of the blood as a result of contraction of the ventricles (100 – 140 mmHg)
Systolic Pressure
– Is the pressure when the ventricles is at rest (60 – 90 mmHg)
Diastolic Pressure
Systolic (Numerator)
_______ is a normal reading
140 or below
Diastolic (Denominator)
_____ is a normal diastolic reading
90 or below
abnormally High blood pressure greater than 139 / 90- ( e.g. 140/ 95 , 140/100 , 150/100 )
HYPERTENSION:
abnormally Low blood pressure lower than 100/ 70 - ( e.g. 90/60 , 90/50 , 80/ 50 )
HYPOTENSION:
It measures the level of gas exchange in our body and the red blood cell oxygen carrying capacity
Normal ____ is between 90-100 %
OXYGEN SATURATION
If forebrain function (which activates normal breathing when CO2 is reduced) is absent, the patient will have this. This pattern of cyclic breathing with apneic periods if governed by the CO2 level.
Cheyne-stokes repiration
if a lesion disturbs the midbrain, __________________ may develop. This patient as regular, rapid respirations with forced inspiration and expiration.
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
when the damage is at the level of the pons, _______________ may occur with long pauses at full inspiration.
Apneustic breathing
A lesion in the lower pons or upper medulla may result in ____________, which causes irregular respiration with irregular apneic intervals.
Cluster breathing
A lesion in the medulla may produce _____________, which are convulsive breaths with irregular, apneic periods.
Gasping respiration
Also known as Biot’s/pneumotaxic respirations result from medullary or pontine lesions. There is no pattern, breaths vary unpredictably from deep to shallow and with random apneic intervals. This pattern indicates a rapidly deteriorating condition.
Ataxic respiration
Ataxic respiration may eventually become depressed (slow and shallow) and then cease if the patient is not placed on a ventilator.
Depressed respiration
-has a regular patttern with no periods of apnea.
Normal Respiration
