bp3 Flashcards
the Austrian physician and developer of phrenology.
Franz Joseph Gall
is a pseudoscience which argued that a person’s character could be determined by feeling the lumps on the skull.
Phrenology
The entire nervous system is divided into two parts: ———— and ————
the central nervous system (CNS) the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The ————- includes the brain and spinal cord.
central nervous system
The —————- consists of all the nerves that pass through the brain and the spinal cord, carrying sensory and motor messages to and from the other part of the body.
peripheral nervous system
The ———— is a long cylindrical nerve tissue that extends from the medulla down to the first lumbar vertebra or vertebral column.
spinal cord
is shorter than the vertebral column because the cord itself stops growing before the bones in the vertebral column do.
spinal cord
circulates within the layers covering the CNS but not within the PNS.
Cerebrospinal fluid
In the midbrain, there is a small channel at the midline known as cerebral aqueduct which contains this
Cerebrospinal fluid
The spinal cord appears white called white matter when viewed in the horizontal section which is made up of nerve fibers known as —— which are the parts of neurons that carry signals to other neurons.
axons
The spinal cord appears white because of a fatty material called ——- that covers most human axons
myelin
is located above the spinal cord.
Hindbrain
The ———–,——— and ———– made up the brain stem.
mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata
divides into the myelencephalon or medulla, and the metencephalon. Cephalon refers to the head.
Hindbrain
It contains a number of nuclei or collections of cell bodies with shared function.
Myelencephalon (medulla).
An important portion of the upper medulla known as ———- plays an important role in the regulation of sleep and arousal.
reticular formation
It contains two major structures, the pons and the cerebellum.
Metencephalon.
which means “bridge” in Latin, form connections between the medulla and higher brain centers as well as with the cerebellum.
Pons
means “little brain” in Latin. It actually contains more nerve cells (neuron) than the rest of the brain combined. It processes the sequences and timing of muscle movements
Cerebellum
Damage to this part affects skilled movements, including speech production
It is the first brain structure affected by alcohol consumption
Cerebellum
It has a dorsal or top half known as the tectum or “roof” and a ventral or bottom half, known as the tegmentum, or “covering”.
Midbrain or mesencephalon.
The ———— are cell bodies called periaqueductal gray which play an important role in our perception of pain.
cerebral aqueduct
There are a lot of receptors in the ———— that respond to opiates such as morphine and heroin
periaqueductal gray
The ——— It contains the most advanced and most recently evolved structures of the brain
divides again later in embryological development like the hindbrain. The two divisions are the Diencephalon and the Telencephalon.
Forebrain.
contains the thalamus and hypothalamus which are located at the midline just above the mesencephalon or midbrain.
Connecting the cerebrum and the brain stem
Diencephalon
The ———— contains the bulk of the symmetrical left and right cerebral hemispheres.
telencephalon
The upper part of the diencephalon consists of the ——–
thalamus
Inputs from most of our sensory systems happen on the——– which then forwards the information on to the cerebral cortex for further processing.
thalamus,
Aside from the role of——— in sensation, it is also involved with states of arousal and consciousness.
is also involved in learning and memory
thalamus
Just below the thalamus is the ———– which is the major regulatory center for eating, drinking, sex, biorhythms, heart rate, blood pressure and temperature control.
is a collection of nuclei
hypothalamus
